Of the economies in the World Bank's latest release, China has the highest scientific and technical journal articles (932,712 in 2023) and Naoero the lowest (0.13 in 2023). The world figure is 3.27 million (2023).
What this measures
Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals from Scopus in science and engineering fields, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Taxonomy of Disciplines.
Limitations: Because the bibliometric database is constantly updated, the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) does not recommend comparing bibliometric data across different editions of the Science and Engineering Indicators publication. For each edition of Indicators, NCSES uses a fixed snapshot of the database. This means that although trends are comparable, the exact number of articles, citations, and other data will vary across editions. For more information about comparing fixed versus dynamic journal data sets, see Schneider et al. (2019).
Each country's latest available year is shown; countries report on different schedules, so compare years before comparing values.
Ranking
| # | Economy | Latest value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 932,712 | 2023 |
| 2 | United States | 430,843 | 2023 |
| 3 | India | 228,174 | 2023 |
| 4 | Germany | 108,782 | 2023 |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 97,536 | 2023 |
| 6 | Japan | 96,543 | 2023 |
| 7 | Russian Federation | 85,558 | 2023 |
| 8 | Italy | 82,771 | 2023 |
| 9 | Korea, Rep. | 71,724 | 2023 |
| 10 | Canada | 63,720 | 2023 |
| 11 | France | 62,181 | 2023 |
| 12 | Spain | 60,304 | 2023 |
| 13 | Brazil | 58,292 | 2023 |
| 14 | Iran, Islamic Rep. | 55,085 | 2023 |
| 15 | Australia | 54,589 | 2023 |
| 16 | Türkiye | 50,181 | 2023 |
| 17 | Indonesia | 38,992 | 2023 |
| 18 | Netherlands | 32,207 | 2023 |
| 19 | Poland | 31,219 | 2023 |
| 20 | Saudi Arabia | 24,595 | 2023 |
| 21 | Malaysia | 23,691 | 2023 |
| 22 | Egypt, Arab Rep. | 22,854 | 2023 |
| 23 | Switzerland | 22,804 | 2023 |
| 24 | Sweden | 21,244 | 2023 |
| 25 | Pakistan | 20,519 | 2023 |
| 26 | Mexico | 18,982 | 2023 |
| 27 | Portugal | 18,225 | 2023 |
| 28 | Belgium | 16,816 | 2023 |
| 29 | Iraq | 16,724 | 2023 |
| 30 | Thailand | 16,656 | 2023 |
| 31 | Denmark | 15,603 | 2023 |
| 32 | Ukraine | 15,498 | 2023 |
| 33 | South Africa | 14,949 | 2023 |
| 34 | Austria | 13,846 | 2023 |
| 35 | Israel | 13,844 | 2023 |
| 36 | Norway | 13,756 | 2023 |
| 37 | Greece | 13,552 | 2023 |
| 38 | Czechia | 13,409 | 2023 |
| 39 | Singapore | 11,894 | 2023 |
| 40 | Finland | 11,224 | 2023 |
| 41 | Romania | 10,713 | 2023 |
| 42 | Viet Nam | 10,645 | 2023 |
| 43 | Nigeria | 9,799 | 2023 |
| 44 | Morocco | 9,725 | 2023 |
| 45 | Colombia | 9,184 | 2023 |
| 46 | Ireland | 8,720 | 2023 |
| 47 | Argentina | 8,589 | 2023 |
| 48 | Chile | 8,573 | 2023 |
| 49 | Hungary | 8,260 | 2023 |
| 50 | Bangladesh | 8,259 | 2023 |
| 51 | New Zealand | 8,096 | 2023 |
| 52 | Algeria | 7,677 | 2023 |
| 53 | United Arab Emirates | 7,075 | 2023 |
| 54 | Ethiopia | 6,728 | 2023 |
| 55 | Croatia | 5,504 | 2023 |
| 56 | Tunisia | 5,493 | 2023 |
| 57 | Jordan | 5,419 | 2023 |
| 58 | Slovak Republic | 5,332 | 2023 |
| 59 | Peru | 5,242 | 2023 |
| 60 | Serbia | 5,173 | 2023 |
| 61 | Bulgaria | 4,998 | 2023 |
| 62 | Philippines | 4,752 | 2023 |
| 63 | Uzbekistan | 4,624 | 2023 |
| 64 | Kazakhstan | 3,819 | 2023 |
| 65 | Slovenia | 3,568 | 2023 |
| 66 | Ecuador | 3,530 | 2023 |
| 67 | Ghana | 3,270 | 2023 |
| 68 | Lithuania | 2,673 | 2023 |
| 69 | Qatar | 2,471 | 2023 |
| 70 | Sri Lanka | 2,322 | 2023 |
| 71 | Lebanon | 2,079 | 2023 |
| 72 | Kenya | 2,079 | 2023 |
| 73 | Cyprus | 1,764 | 2023 |
| 74 | Estonia | 1,754 | 2023 |
| 75 | Latvia | 1,736 | 2023 |
| 76 | Oman | 1,640 | 2023 |
| 77 | Nepal | 1,591 | 2023 |
| 78 | Cameroon | 1,547 | 2023 |
| 79 | Azerbaijan | 1,544 | 2023 |
| 80 | Tanzania | 1,453 | 2023 |
| 81 | Belarus | 1,429 | 2023 |
| 82 | Uganda | 1,424 | 2023 |
| 83 | Kuwait | 1,395 | 2023 |
| 84 | Cuba | 1,217 | 2023 |
| 85 | Luxembourg | 1,176 | 2023 |
| 86 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,083 | 2023 |
| 87 | Uruguay | 1,060 | 2023 |
| 88 | West Bank and Gaza | 861.66 | 2023 |
| 89 | Armenia | 801.49 | 2023 |
| 90 | Bahrain | 718.3 | 2023 |
| 91 | Iceland | 715.97 | 2023 |
| 92 | Costa Rica | 660.82 | 2023 |
| 93 | Georgia | 649.57 | 2023 |
| 94 | Syrian Arab Republic | 645.85 | 2023 |
| 95 | Puerto Rico (US) | 604.62 | 2023 |
| 96 | Zimbabwe | 519.85 | 2023 |
| 97 | Burkina Faso | 519.72 | 2023 |
| 98 | Brunei Darussalam | 501.5 | 2023 |
| 99 | North Macedonia | 498.97 | 2023 |
| 100 | Malta | 497.77 | 2023 |
| 101 | Kosovo | 495.34 | 2023 |
| 102 | Senegal | 489.62 | 2023 |
| 103 | Venezuela, RB | 474.63 | 2023 |
| 104 | Sudan | 470.62 | 2023 |
| 105 | Libya | 443.08 | 2023 |
| 106 | Benin | 437.17 | 2023 |
| 107 | Rwanda | 433.51 | 2023 |
| 108 | Yemen, Rep. | 404.01 | 2023 |
| 109 | Côte d'Ivoire | 391.71 | 2023 |
| 110 | Botswana | 383.84 | 2023 |
| 111 | Malawi | 377.51 | 2023 |
| 112 | Zambia | 367.3 | 2023 |
| 113 | Moldova | 335.06 | 2023 |
| 114 | Kyrgyz Republic | 326.91 | 2023 |
| 115 | Albania | 319.46 | 2023 |
| 116 | Panama | 282.01 | 2023 |
| 117 | Mongolia | 276.87 | 2023 |
| 118 | Korea, Dem. People's Rep. | 269.28 | 2023 |
| 119 | Montenegro | 254.67 | 2023 |
| 120 | Paraguay | 253.35 | 2023 |
| 121 | Trinidad and Tobago | 245.56 | 2023 |
| 122 | Congo, Dem. Rep. | 243.06 | 2023 |
| 123 | Myanmar | 233.94 | 2023 |
| 124 | Namibia | 231.33 | 2023 |
| 125 | Fiji | 217.87 | 2023 |
| 126 | Mauritius | 205.31 | 2023 |
| 127 | Mozambique | 204.82 | 2023 |
| 128 | Cambodia | 200.77 | 2023 |
| 129 | Bolivia | 196.72 | 2023 |
| 130 | Afghanistan | 168.85 | 2023 |
| 131 | Jamaica | 161.41 | 2023 |
| 132 | Tajikistan | 158.35 | 2023 |
| 133 | Madagascar | 153.44 | 2023 |
| 134 | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | 151.88 | 2023 |
| 135 | Togo | 135.94 | 2023 |
| 136 | Honduras | 130.35 | 2023 |
| 137 | Mali | 116.65 | 2023 |
| 138 | Guatemala | 108.83 | 2023 |
| 139 | Dominican Republic | 104.52 | 2023 |
| 140 | Bhutan | 102.52 | 2023 |
| 141 | Congo, Rep. | 95.66 | 2023 |
| 142 | Gabon | 90.57 | 2023 |
| 143 | Niger | 90.18 | 2023 |
| 144 | Sierra Leone | 86.32 | 2023 |
| 145 | Gambia, The | 79.8 | 2023 |
| 146 | Lao PDR | 72.2 | 2023 |
| 147 | Papua New Guinea | 69.76 | 2023 |
| 148 | El Salvador | 64.56 | 2023 |
| 149 | Lesotho | 60.18 | 2023 |
| 150 | Barbados | 56.79 | 2023 |
| 151 | Guinea | 54.9 | 2023 |
| 152 | Chad | 52.36 | 2023 |
| 153 | Liechtenstein | 51.21 | 2023 |
| 154 | Angola | 50.27 | 2023 |
| 155 | Guyana | 49.61 | 2023 |
| 156 | Mauritania | 46.84 | 2023 |
| 157 | Grenada | 42.49 | 2023 |
| 158 | Nicaragua | 40.65 | 2023 |
| 159 | Greenland | 38.42 | 2023 |
| 160 | Haiti | 37.83 | 2023 |
| 161 | Monaco | 37.23 | 2023 |
| 162 | Burundi | 36.26 | 2023 |
| 163 | St. Kitts and Nevis | 35.5 | 2023 |
| 164 | Maldives | 31.74 | 2023 |
| 165 | Liberia | 31.54 | 2023 |
| 166 | Turkmenistan | 31.31 | 2023 |
| 167 | Eswatini | 30.94 | 2023 |
| 168 | Eritrea | 29.08 | 2023 |
| 169 | Suriname | 26.34 | 2023 |
| 170 | Central African Republic | 25.75 | 2023 |
| 171 | Samoa | 21.85 | 2023 |
| 172 | Timor-Leste | 20.7 | 2023 |
| 173 | San Marino | 20.09 | 2023 |
| 174 | Cabo Verde | 18.34 | 2023 |
| 175 | Belize | 18.02 | 2023 |
| 176 | Djibouti | 17.48 | 2023 |
| 177 | South Sudan | 17.18 | 2023 |
| 178 | Seychelles | 15.17 | 2023 |
| 179 | Bahamas, The | 14.98 | 2023 |
| 180 | Solomon Islands | 14.84 | 2023 |
| 181 | Guinea-Bissau | 13.7 | 2023 |
| 182 | Antigua and Barbuda | 13.43 | 2023 |
| 183 | Vanuatu | 11.87 | 2023 |
| 184 | Andorra | 11.09 | 2023 |
| 185 | Comoros | 8.01 | 2023 |
| 186 | Palau | 5.04 | 2023 |
| 187 | Tonga | 4.85 | 2023 |
| 188 | São Tomé and Principe | 4.71 | 2023 |
| 189 | Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | 3.74 | 2023 |
| 190 | Dominica | 3.7 | 2023 |
| 191 | Equatorial Guinea | 3.44 | 2023 |
| 192 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 2.69 | 2023 |
| 193 | St. Lucia | 2.54 | 2023 |
| 194 | Kiribati | 2.14 | 2023 |
| 195 | Marshall Islands | 0.92 | 2023 |
| 196 | Tuvalu | 0.42 | 2023 |
| 197 | Naoero | 0.13 | 2023 |
Regions and income groups
More infrastructure indicators
- ICT service exports (BoP, current US$)
- ICT service exports (% of service exports, BoP)
- Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
- Industrial design applications, nonresident, by count
- Industrial design applications, resident, by count
- Patent applications, nonresidents
- Patent applications, residents
- Trademark applications, nonresident, by count
- Trademark applications, resident, by count
- Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide
- Air transport, freight (million ton-km)
- Air transport, passengers carried
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Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, IP.JRN.ARTC.SC, CC BY 4.0. Original source: Science and Engineering Indicators, National Science Foundation (NSF), uri: https://ncses.nsf.gov/indicators View on data.worldbank.org; the full definition is in the World Bank's metadata glossary.
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