Low income: Scientific and technical journal articles

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, Low income's scientific and technical journal articles rose 1.4% on 2022 (from 12,591 to 12,773).

Across the 26 yearly changes before that (1997 to 2022), the average change was +12% and a typical year strayed about 8.7% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 33.6% in 2020 and the biggest yearly fall was 2% in 2000. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 the straight-line trend is upward, about 1,225 a year. A straight line explains 93% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

Article counts refer to publications from a selection of conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals from Scopus in science and engineering fields, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Taxonomy of Disciplines.

Limitations: Because the bibliometric database is constantly updated, the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) does not recommend comparing bibliometric data across different editions of the Science and Engineering Indicators publication. For each edition of Indicators, NCSES uses a fixed snapshot of the database. This means that although trends are comparable, the exact number of articles, citations, and other data will vary across editions. For more information about comparing fixed versus dynamic journal data sets, see Schneider et al. (2019).

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a gap-filled total.

All 28 values

Scientific and technical journal articles in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 168.85 (2023)
• Algeria — 7,677 (2023)
• Bahrain — 718.3 (2023)
• Djibouti — 17.48 (2023)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — 22,854 (2023)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — 55,085 (2023)
• Iraq — 16,724 (2023)
• Israel — 13,844 (2023)
• Jordan — 5,419 (2023)
• Kuwait — 1,395 (2023)

More infrastructure data for Low income

• Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people) — 1 (2025)
• Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide — 220,720 (2023)
• Air transport, passengers carried — 22.26 million (2023)
• Industrial design applications, nonresident, by count — 1,359 (2024)
• Industrial design applications, resident, by count — 1,282 (2024)
• Patent applications, nonresidents — 1,155 (2024)
• Patent applications, residents — 7,341 (2024)
• Air transport, freight (million ton-km) — 4,095 (2023)
• Fixed telephone subscriptions — 7 million (2025)
• Mobile cellular subscriptions

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
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• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Low income's scientific and technical journal articles?

12,773 in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1996?

It is up 1,683% from 716.23 in 1996 (11.26% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 12,773 in 2023 and the lowest 716.23 in 1996.

Is the latest change in scientific and technical journal articles unusual for Low income?

In 2023, Low income's scientific and technical journal articles rose 1.4% on 2022 (from 12,591 to 12,773). Across the 26 yearly changes before that (1997 to 2022), the average change was +12% and a typical year strayed about 8.7% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

Where does this data come from?

The World Bank's World Development Indicators, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Science and Engineering Indicators, National Science Foundation (NSF), uri: https://ncses.nsf.gov/indicators.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator IP.JRN.ARTC.SC, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Science and Engineering Indicators, National Science Foundation (NSF), uri: https://ncses.nsf.gov/indicators Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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