Serbia's technicians in R&D (per million people) was 412.03 in 2018, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 37.33% from 300.03 in 2008 (3.22% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 412.03 | 2018 |
| Five years earlier | 324.75 | 2013 |
| Ten years earlier | 300.03 | 2008 |
| Highest | 430.95 | 2016 |
| Lowest | 299.18 | 2007 |
| Average since 2009 | 368.89 | 2009–2018 |
| First recorded | 299.18 | 2007 |
What the numbers say
In 2018, Serbia's technicians in R&D (per million people) rose 1.19 on 2017 (from 410.84 to 412.03).
Across the 10 yearly changes before that (2008 to 2017), the average change was +11.17 and a typical year strayed about 44.78 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 92.04 in 2009 and the biggest yearly fall was 57.23 in 2010. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2009 to 2018 the straight-line trend is upward, about 10.4 a year. A straight line explains 41% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2018, Serbia had the 7th highest value of the 22 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Serbia | 412.03 | 2018 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 870.55 | 2017 |
Closest to Serbia in the 2018 ranking
- Japan — 3rd of 22: 524.29
- Slovak Republic — 4th of 22: 520.63
- Russian Federation — 5th of 22: 437.84
- Argentina — 7th of 22: 398.05
- Egypt, Arab Rep. — 8th of 22: 369.56
- Hong Kong SAR, China — 9th of 22: 315.8
What this measures
The number of technicians participated in Research & Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Technicians and equivalent staff are people who perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Limitations: Estimates of the resources allocated to R&D are affected by national characteristics such as the periodicity and coverage of national R&D surveys across institutional sectors and industries; and the use of different sampling and estimation methods. R&D typically involves a few large performers, hence R&D surveys use various techniques to maintain up-to-date registers of known performers, while attempting to identify new or occasional performers.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 12 values
| Year | Technicians in R&D (per million people) |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 412.03 |
| 2017 | 410.84 |
| 2016 | 430.95 |
| 2015 | 420.26 |
| 2014 | 350.75 |
| 2013 | 324.75 |
| 2012 | 312.46 |
| 2011 | 299.97 |
| 2010 | 334.84 |
| 2009 | 392.07 |
| 2008 |
Technicians in R&D (per million people) in nearby economies
More infrastructure data for Serbia
- Medium and high-tech exports (% manufactured exports) — 47.74% (2024)
- Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) — 0.94% (2024)
- Scientific and technical journal articles — 5,173 (2023)
- Railways, goods transported (million ton-km) — 2,925 (2021)
- Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km) — 191 (2021)
- Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide — 43,287 (2023)
- Air transport, freight (million ton-km) — 19.33 (2023)
- Air transport, passengers carried — 3.87 million (2023)
- Rail lines (total route-km) — 3,348 (2021)
- Patent applications, nonresidents
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Serbia's technicians in R&D (per million people)?
- 412.03 in 2018, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2007?
- It is up 37.72% from 299.18 in 2007 (2.95% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 430.95 in 2016 and the lowest 299.18 in 2007.
- How does Serbia rank?
- 7th highest of 22 economies with data for 2018.
- Is the latest change in technicians in R&D (per million people) unusual for Serbia?
- In 2018, Serbia's technicians in R&D (per million people) rose 1.19 on 2017 (from 410.84 to 412.03). Across the 10 yearly changes before that (2008 to 2017), the average change was +11.17 and a typical year strayed about 44.78 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SP.POP.TECH.RD.P6, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS), UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: http://uis.unesco.org, note: Data as of March 2021, publisher: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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