Bosnia and Herzegovina's technicians in R&D (per million people) was 50.93 in 2018, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 24.96% from 40.76 in 2013 (4.56% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 50.93 | 2018 |
| Five years earlier | 40.76 | 2013 |
| Highest | 71.73 | 2007 |
| Lowest | 39.67 | 2012 |
| Average since 2012 | 54.32 | 2012–2018 |
| First recorded | 45.09 | 2003 |
Over five years it is up 24.96% from 40.76 in 2013 (4.56% a year on average, compounded). Since 2003 it is up 12.97% from 45.09 in 2003 (0.82% a year on average, compounded). The World Bank has no value for 4 of the years in between; the chart leaves those gaps open rather than joining across them.
What the numbers say
In 2018, Bosnia and Herzegovina's technicians in R&D (per million people) fell 16.02 on 2017 (from 66.95 to 50.93).
Across the 9 yearly changes before that (2004 to 2017), the average change was +5.99 and a typical year strayed about 5.8 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 3.8 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 13.95 in 2015 and the biggest yearly fall was 16.02 in 2018. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2018, Bosnia and Herzegovina had the 17th highest value of the 22 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 50.93 | 2018 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 870.55 | 2017 |
Closest to Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2018 ranking
- Kazakhstan — 13th of 22: 123.86
- North Macedonia — 14th of 22: 91.12
- Moldova — 15th of 22: 60.41
- Uzbekistan — 17th of 22: 48.07
- Kuwait — 18th of 22: 45.2
- Iraq — 19th of 22: 22.98
What this measures
The number of technicians participated in Research & Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Technicians and equivalent staff are people who perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Limitations: Estimates of the resources allocated to R&D are affected by national characteristics such as the periodicity and coverage of national R&D surveys across institutional sectors and industries; and the use of different sampling and estimation methods. R&D typically involves a few large performers, hence R&D surveys use various techniques to maintain up-to-date registers of known performers, while attempting to identify new or occasional performers.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 12 values
| Year | Technicians in R&D (per million people) |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 50.93 |
| 2017 | 66.95 |
| 2016 | 63.73 |
| 2015 | 66.08 |
| 2014 | 52.12 |
| 2013 | 40.76 |
| 2012 | 39.67 |
| 2011 | no data |
| 2010 | no data |
| 2009 | no data |
| 2008 |
Technicians in R&D (per million people) in nearby economies
More infrastructure data for Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Mobile cellular subscriptions — 3.84 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) — 121.23 (2024)
- Medium and high-tech exports (% manufactured exports) — 34.82% (2024)
- Fixed telephone subscriptions — 583,045 (2024)
- Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people) — 18.43 (2024)
- Individuals using the Internet (% of population) — 86.1% (2024)
- ICT service exports (BoP, current US$) — US$521.85 million (2025)
- ICT service exports (% of service exports, BoP) — 13.01% (2025)
- Scientific and technical journal articles
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Bosnia and Herzegovina's technicians in R&D (per million people)?
- 50.93 in 2018, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2003?
- It is up 12.97% from 45.09 in 2003 (0.82% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 71.73 in 2007 and the lowest 39.67 in 2012.
- How does Bosnia and Herzegovina rank?
- 17th highest of 22 economies with data for 2018.
- Is the latest change in technicians in R&D (per million people) unusual for Bosnia and Herzegovina?
- In 2018, Bosnia and Herzegovina's technicians in R&D (per million people) fell 16.02 on 2017 (from 66.95 to 50.93). Across the 9 yearly changes before that (2004 to 2017), the average change was +5.99 and a typical year strayed about 5.8 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 3.8 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SP.POP.TECH.RD.P6, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS), UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: http://uis.unesco.org, note: Data as of March 2021, publisher: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
Want to ask your own questions of data like this? Try AnalyzeIt: upload a file or ask about public data in plain words, and every figure comes with its working.
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