Germany's technicians in R&D (per million people) was 2,007 in 2017, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 52.21% from 1,318 in 2007 (4.29% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 2,007 | 2017 |
| Five years earlier | 1,733 | 2012 |
| Ten years earlier | 1,318 | 2007 |
| Highest | 2,007 | 2017 |
| Lowest | 1,076 | 2004 |
| Average since 2008 | 1,705 | 2008–2017 |
| First recorded | 1,355 | 1996 |
What the numbers say
In 2017, Germany's technicians in R&D (per million people) rose 60.95 on 2016 (from 1,946 to 2,007).
Across the 15 yearly changes before that (1997 to 2016), the average change was +56.89 and a typical year strayed about 90.21 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 324.82 in 2011 and the biggest yearly fall was 25.95 in 2004. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2008 to 2017 the straight-line trend is upward, about 77.73 a year. A straight line explains 91% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
A straight-line projection, tested first
Extending that straight line gives about 2,277 for 2020. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2015 to 2017 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 47.08, against 70.88 for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.
See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.
How it compares
In 2017, Germany had the 4th highest value of the 23 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 2,007 | 2017 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 870.55 | 2017 |
Closest to Germany in the 2017 ranking
- Luxembourg — 1st of 23: 3,166
- Austria — 2nd of 23: 2,648
- Iceland — 3rd of 23: 2,371
- Slovenia — 5th of 23: 1,814
- France — 6th of 23: 1,806
- New Zealand — 7th of 23: 1,276
What this measures
The number of technicians participated in Research & Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Technicians and equivalent staff are people who perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Limitations: Estimates of the resources allocated to R&D are affected by national characteristics such as the periodicity and coverage of national R&D surveys across institutional sectors and industries; and the use of different sampling and estimation methods. R&D typically involves a few large performers, hence R&D surveys use various techniques to maintain up-to-date registers of known performers, while attempting to identify new or occasional performers.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 18 values
| Year | Technicians in R&D (per million people) |
|---|---|
| 2017 | 2,007 |
| 2016 | 1,946 |
| 2015 | 1,910 |
| 2014 | 1,883 |
| 2013 | 1,710 |
| 2012 | 1,733 |
| 2011 | 1,725 |
| 2010 | 1,401 |
| 2009 | 1,380 |
| 2008 | 1,354 |
| 2007 |
Technicians in R&D (per million people) in nearby economies
More infrastructure data for Germany
- Fixed telephone subscriptions — 38.4 million (2024)
- Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people) — 45.42 (2024)
- Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide — 655,842 (2023)
- Air transport, freight (million ton-km) — 12,767 (2023)
- Air transport, passengers carried — 80.2 million (2023)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions — 109.2 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) — 129.15 (2024)
- Patent applications, nonresidents — 19,177 (2024)
- Patent applications, residents — 40,085 (2024)
- ICT service exports (BoP, current US$)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Germany's technicians in R&D (per million people)?
- 2,007 in 2017, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1996?
- It is up 48.15% from 1,355 in 1996 (1.89% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 2,007 in 2017 and the lowest 1,076 in 2004.
- How does Germany rank?
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SP.POP.TECH.RD.P6, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS), UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: http://uis.unesco.org, note: Data as of March 2021, publisher: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
Want to ask your own questions of data like this? Try AnalyzeIt: upload a file or ask about public data in plain words, and every figure comes with its working.
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