Estonia's technicians in R&D (per million people) was 654.85 in 2017, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 9.36% from 598.83 in 2007 (0.9% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 654.85 | 2017 |
| Five years earlier | 708.91 | 2012 |
| Ten years earlier | 598.83 | 2007 |
| Highest | 802.09 | 2013 |
| Lowest | 339.15 | 2001 |
| Average since 2008 | 681.38 | 2008–2017 |
| First recorded | 538.98 | 1998 |
What the numbers say
In 2017, Estonia's technicians in R&D (per million people) fell 55.36 on 2016 (from 710.21 to 654.85).
Across the 18 yearly changes before that (1999 to 2016), the average change was +9.51 and a typical year strayed about 73.48 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.9 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 156.84 in 2006 and the biggest yearly fall was 155.46 in 2000. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2008 to 2017 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 13% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2017, Estonia had the 15th highest value of the 23 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 654.85 | 2017 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 870.55 | 2017 |
Closest to Estonia in the 2017 ranking
What this measures
The number of technicians participated in Research & Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Technicians and equivalent staff are people who perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Limitations: Estimates of the resources allocated to R&D are affected by national characteristics such as the periodicity and coverage of national R&D surveys across institutional sectors and industries; and the use of different sampling and estimation methods. R&D typically involves a few large performers, hence R&D surveys use various techniques to maintain up-to-date registers of known performers, while attempting to identify new or occasional performers.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 20 values
| Year | Technicians in R&D (per million people) |
|---|---|
| 2017 | 654.85 |
| 2016 | 710.21 |
| 2015 | 675.12 |
| 2014 | 676.15 |
| 2013 | 802.09 |
| 2012 | 708.91 |
| 2011 | 662.04 |
| 2010 | 680.88 |
| 2009 | 625.69 |
| 2008 | 617.88 |
| 2007 |
Technicians in R&D (per million people) in nearby economies
More infrastructure data for Estonia
- Mobile cellular subscriptions — 2.06 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) — 151.13 (2024)
- Fixed telephone subscriptions — 227,420 (2024)
- Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people) — 16.72 (2024)
- Medium and high-tech exports (% manufactured exports) — 52.79% (2024)
- Individuals using the Internet (% of population) — 92.24% (2024)
- Patent applications, nonresidents — 3 (2024)
- Patent applications, residents — 27 (2024)
- ICT service exports (BoP, current US$) — US$3.99 billion (2025)
- ICT service exports (% of service exports, BoP)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Estonia's technicians in R&D (per million people)?
- 654.85 in 2017, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1998?
- It is up 21.5% from 538.98 in 1998 (1.03% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 802.09 in 2013 and the lowest 339.15 in 2001.
- How does Estonia rank?
- 15th highest of 23 economies with data for 2017.
- Is the latest change in technicians in R&D (per million people) unusual for Estonia?
- In 2017, Estonia's technicians in R&D (per million people) fell 55.36 on 2016 (from 710.21 to 654.85). Across the 18 yearly changes before that (1999 to 2016), the average change was +9.51 and a typical year strayed about 73.48 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.9 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SP.POP.TECH.RD.P6, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS), UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: http://uis.unesco.org, note: Data as of March 2021, publisher: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
Want to ask your own questions of data like this? Try AnalyzeIt: upload a file or ask about public data in plain words, and every figure comes with its working.
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