Spain's technicians in R&D (per million people) was 1,265 in 2017, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 14.15% from 1,108 in 2007 (1.33% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 1,265 | 2017 |
| Five years earlier | 1,233 | 2012 |
| Ten years earlier | 1,108 | 2007 |
| Highest | 1,293 | 2010 |
| Lowest | 433.01 | 1996 |
| Average since 2008 | 1,215 | 2008–2017 |
| First recorded | 433.01 | 1996 |
What the numbers say
In 2017, Spain's technicians in R&D (per million people) rose 75.7 on 2016 (from 1,189 to 1,265).
Across the 20 yearly changes before that (1997 to 2016), the average change was +37.81 and a typical year strayed about 51.7 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 127.03 in 2003 and the biggest yearly fall was 49.7 in 2011. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2008 to 2017 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains less than 1% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2017, Spain had the 9th highest value of the 23 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 1,265 | 2017 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 870.55 | 2017 |
Closest to Spain in the 2017 ranking
What this measures
The number of technicians participated in Research & Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Technicians and equivalent staff are people who perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Limitations: Estimates of the resources allocated to R&D are affected by national characteristics such as the periodicity and coverage of national R&D surveys across institutional sectors and industries; and the use of different sampling and estimation methods. R&D typically involves a few large performers, hence R&D surveys use various techniques to maintain up-to-date registers of known performers, while attempting to identify new or occasional performers.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 22 values
| Year | Technicians in R&D (per million people) |
|---|---|
| 2017 | 1,265 |
| 2016 | 1,189 |
| 2015 | 1,190 |
| 2014 | 1,163 |
| 2013 | 1,211 |
| 2012 | 1,233 |
| 2011 | 1,244 |
| 2010 | 1,293 |
| 2009 | 1,243 |
| 2008 | 1,125 |
| 2007 |
Technicians in R&D (per million people) in nearby economies
More infrastructure data for Spain
- Fixed telephone subscriptions — 18.23 million (2024)
- Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people) — 38.05 (2024)
- Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide — 662,492 (2023)
- Air transport, freight (million ton-km) — 1,131 (2023)
- Air transport, passengers carried — 94.1 million (2023)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions — 62.41 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) — 130.26 (2024)
- Patent applications, nonresidents — 134 (2024)
- Patent applications, residents — 1,160 (2024)
- Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Spain's technicians in R&D (per million people)?
- 1,265 in 2017, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1996?
- It is up 192.12% from 433.01 in 1996 (5.24% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 1,293 in 2010 and the lowest 433.01 in 1996.
- How does Spain rank?
- 9th highest of 23 economies with data for 2017.
- Is the latest change in technicians in R&D (per million people) unusual for Spain?
- In 2017, Spain's technicians in R&D (per million people) rose 75.7 on 2016 (from 1,189 to 1,265). Across the 20 yearly changes before that (1997 to 2016), the average change was +37.81 and a typical year strayed about 51.7 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SP.POP.TECH.RD.P6, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS), UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: http://uis.unesco.org, note: Data as of March 2021, publisher: UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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