Of the economies in the World Bank's latest release, Chad has the highest vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) (90.22% in 2025) and Qatar the lowest (0.46% in 2025). The world figure is 42.38% (2025).
What this measures
Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Limitations: Data are drawn from labor force surveys and household surveys, supplemented by official estimates and censuses for a small group of countries. Due to differences in definitions and coverage across countries, there are limitations for comparing data across countries and over time even within a country. Estimates of women in employment are not comparable internationally, reflecting that demographic, social, legal, and cultural trends and norms determine whether women's activities are regarded as economic.
Each country's latest available year is shown; countries report on different schedules, so compare years before comparing values.
Ranking
| # | Economy | Latest value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chad | 90.22% | 2025 |
| 2 | Sierra Leone | 86.04% | 2025 |
| 3 | Madagascar | 84.42% | 2025 |
| 4 | Ethiopia | 84.15% | 2025 |
| 5 | Niger | 83.73% | 2025 |
| 6 | Mozambique | 83.68% | 2025 |
| 7 | Burundi | 83.66% | 2025 |
| 8 | Tanzania | 83.65% | 2025 |
| 9 | Afghanistan | 81.77% | 2025 |
| 10 | Congo, Dem. Rep. | 81.51% | 2025 |
| 11 | Burkina Faso | 80.56% | 2025 |
| 12 | South Sudan | 80.26% | 2023 |
| 13 | Central African Republic | 79.42% | 2025 |
| 14 | Guinea | 79.17% | 2025 |
| 15 | Benin | 78.53% | 2025 |
| 16 | Nepal | 76.98% | 2025 |
| 17 | Liberia | 76.85% | 2025 |
| 18 | Lao PDR | 76.38% | 2025 |
| 19 | Haiti | 76.04% | 2025 |
| 20 | Congo, Rep. | 75.89% | 2025 |
| 21 | Mali | 75.76% | 2025 |
| 22 | Togo | 75.03% | 2025 |
| 23 | Guinea-Bissau | 74.94% | 2025 |
| 24 | Uganda | 74.39% | 2025 |
| 25 | India | 71.58% | 2025 |
| 26 | Papua New Guinea | 71.16% | 2025 |
| 27 | Zambia | 70.17% | 2025 |
| 28 | Côte d'Ivoire | 69.43% | 2025 |
| 29 | Bhutan | 69.03% | 2025 |
| 30 | Solomon Islands | 68.65% | 2025 |
| 31 | Zimbabwe | 68.21% | 2025 |
| 32 | Cameroon | 67.56% | 2025 |
| 33 | Nigeria | 66.48% | 2025 |
| 34 | Angola | 66.27% | 2025 |
| 35 | Kenya | 63.83% | 2025 |
| 36 | Gambia, The | 63.51% | 2025 |
| 37 | Senegal | 62.98% | 2025 |
| 38 | Myanmar | 62.89% | 2025 |
| 39 | Bolivia | 62.69% | 2025 |
| 40 | Ghana | 59.96% | 2025 |
| 41 | Malawi | 59.91% | 2025 |
| 42 | Timor-Leste | 58.63% | 2025 |
| 43 | Moldova | 58.62% | 2025 |
| 44 | Vanuatu | 57.99% | 2025 |
| 45 | Bangladesh | 57.35% | 2025 |
| 46 | Comoros | 56.84% | 2025 |
| 47 | Korea, Dem. People's Rep. | 56.77% | 2025 |
| 48 | Pakistan | 55.51% | 2025 |
| 49 | Azerbaijan | 53.84% | 2025 |
| 50 | Mauritania | 53.35% | 2025 |
| 51 | Cambodia | 52.32% | 2025 |
| 52 | Viet Nam | 51.4% | 2025 |
| 53 | Ecuador | 50.12% | 2025 |
| 54 | Indonesia | 49.96% | 2025 |
| 55 | Thailand | 47.98% | 2025 |
| 56 | Eritrea | 47.89% | 2025 |
| 57 | Peru | 47.51% | 2025 |
| 58 | Albania | 46.03% | 2025 |
| 59 | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | 45.97% | 2025 |
| 60 | Yemen, Rep. | 45.59% | 2025 |
| 61 | Colombia | 42.96% | 2025 |
| 62 | Georgia | 42.41% | 2025 |
| 63 | Samoa | 41.64% | 2025 |
| 64 | Sudan | 39.67% | 2022 |
| 65 | Iran, Islamic Rep. | 39.52% | 2025 |
| 66 | Rwanda | 39.36% | 2025 |
| 67 | Sri Lanka | 39.24% | 2025 |
| 68 | Nicaragua | 38.86% | 2025 |
| 69 | Syrian Arab Republic | 38.86% | 2025 |
| 70 | Mongolia | 38.37% | 2025 |
| 71 | Dominican Republic | 37.99% | 2025 |
| 72 | Panama | 37.87% | 2025 |
| 73 | Venezuela, RB | 37.3% | 2025 |
| 74 | Guatemala | 36.16% | 2025 |
| 75 | Paraguay | 36.09% | 2025 |
| 76 | Morocco | 35.54% | 2025 |
| 77 | São Tomé and Principe | 34.99% | 2025 |
| 78 | Cabo Verde | 34.26% | 2025 |
| 79 | Honduras | 33.87% | 2025 |
| 80 | Tonga | 33.7% | 2025 |
| 81 | Philippines | 33.62% | 2025 |
| 82 | China | 33.4% | 2025 |
| 83 | Uzbekistan | 33.32% | 2025 |
| 84 | Armenia | 32.85% | 2025 |
| 85 | Fiji | 32.79% | 2025 |
| 86 | Lesotho | 32.64% | 2025 |
| 87 | Jamaica | 31.56% | 2025 |
| 88 | El Salvador | 30.82% | 2025 |
| 89 | Djibouti | 30.29% | 2025 |
| 90 | Namibia | 29.94% | 2025 |
| 91 | Belize | 29.84% | 2025 |
| 92 | Gabon | 29.81% | 2025 |
| 93 | Kyrgyz Republic | 28.97% | 2025 |
| 94 | Eswatini | 28.38% | 2025 |
| 95 | Turkmenistan | 28.27% | 2025 |
| 96 | Tajikistan | 27.98% | 2025 |
| 97 | Iraq | 27.14% | 2025 |
| 98 | Brazil | 26.09% | 2025 |
| 99 | Botswana | 25.61% | 2025 |
| 100 | Algeria | 25.56% | 2025 |
| 101 | Guyana | 25.34% | 2025 |
| 102 | Mexico | 25.31% | 2025 |
| 103 | Kazakhstan | 24.79% | 2025 |
| 104 | Uruguay | 24.37% | 2025 |
| 105 | Egypt, Arab Rep. | 23.94% | 2025 |
| 106 | Türkiye | 23.91% | 2025 |
| 107 | Serbia | 23.89% | 2025 |
| 108 | Costa Rica | 23.36% | 2025 |
| 109 | Equatorial Guinea | 23.08% | 2025 |
| 110 | Greece | 23.06% | 2025 |
| 111 | Argentina | 22.27% | 2025 |
| 112 | St. Lucia | 21.99% | 2025 |
| 113 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 21.96% | 2025 |
| 114 | Malaysia | 21.89% | 2025 |
| 115 | Libya | 21.59% | 2025 |
| 116 | Trinidad and Tobago | 21.25% | 2025 |
| 117 | Chile | 20.93% | 2025 |
| 118 | Lebanon | 19.39% | 2023 |
| 119 | Cuba | 19.32% | 2025 |
| 120 | Ukraine | 19.02% | 2021 |
| 121 | Barbados | 18.8% | 2025 |
| 122 | West Bank and Gaza | 18.38% | 2022 |
| 123 | Suriname | 18.38% | 2025 |
| 124 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 18.11% | 2025 |
| 125 | Tunisia | 17.94% | 2025 |
| 126 | Korea, Rep. | 17.69% | 2025 |
| 127 | Maldives | 16.91% | 2025 |
| 128 | Bahamas, The | 15.94% | 2025 |
| 129 | Poland | 14.98% | 2025 |
| 130 | Mauritius | 14.88% | 2025 |
| 131 | French Polynesia | 14.78% | 2025 |
| 132 | Italy | 14.35% | 2025 |
| 133 | Montenegro | 14.28% | 2025 |
| 134 | New Caledonia | 14.16% | 2025 |
| 135 | Czechia | 13.5% | 2025 |
| 136 | Netherlands | 13.42% | 2025 |
| 137 | Romania | 13.05% | 2025 |
| 138 | New Zealand | 12.57% | 2025 |
| 139 | North Macedonia | 12.34% | 2025 |
| 140 | Slovak Republic | 11.76% | 2025 |
| 141 | Guam | 11.75% | 2025 |
| 142 | South Africa | 11.66% | 2025 |
| 143 | United Kingdom | 11.53% | 2025 |
| 144 | Belgium | 11.04% | 2025 |
| 145 | Slovenia | 10.61% | 2025 |
| 146 | Lithuania | 10.36% | 2025 |
| 147 | Puerto Rico (US) | 10.31% | 2025 |
| 148 | Spain | 10.07% | 2025 |
| 149 | Malta | 10.07% | 2025 |
| 150 | Portugal | 9.66% | 2025 |
| 151 | Ireland | 9.64% | 2025 |
| 152 | Switzerland | 9.6% | 2025 |
| 153 | Canada | 9.56% | 2025 |
| 154 | Finland | 9.46% | 2025 |
| 155 | Singapore | 9.3% | 2025 |
| 156 | Australia | 9.12% | 2025 |
| 157 | Latvia | 8.62% | 2025 |
| 158 | France | 8.5% | 2025 |
| 159 | Iceland | 8.4% | 2025 |
| 160 | Cyprus | 8.38% | 2025 |
| 161 | Jordan | 7.86% | 2025 |
| 162 | Austria | 7.85% | 2025 |
| 163 | Hungary | 7.83% | 2025 |
| 164 | Israel | 7.7% | 2025 |
| 165 | Japan | 7.49% | 2025 |
| 166 | Estonia | 7.09% | 2025 |
| 167 | Luxembourg | 6.95% | 2025 |
| 168 | Bulgaria | 6.92% | 2025 |
| 169 | Sweden | 6.87% | 2025 |
| 170 | Croatia | 6.35% | 2025 |
| 171 | Belarus | 6.33% | 2025 |
| 172 | Hong Kong SAR, China | 5.76% | 2025 |
| 173 | Virgin Islands (US) | 5.47% | 2025 |
| 174 | Denmark | 5.4% | 2025 |
| 175 | Russian Federation | 4.93% | 2025 |
| 176 | Brunei Darussalam | 4.48% | 2025 |
| 177 | Germany | 4.34% | 2025 |
| 178 | Channel Islands | 4.17% | 2025 |
| 179 | Norway | 4.17% | 2025 |
| 180 | Oman | 3.81% | 2025 |
| 181 | United States | 3.81% | 2025 |
| 182 | Macao SAR, China | 3.33% | 2025 |
| 183 | Kuwait | 2.4% | 2025 |
| 184 | Saudi Arabia | 1.66% | 2025 |
| 185 | United Arab Emirates | 1.5% | 2025 |
| 186 | Bahrain | 0.75% | 2025 |
| 187 | Qatar | 0.46% | 2025 |
Regions and income groups
More social protection & labor indicators
- Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
Reading data like this
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, SL.EMP.VULN.ZS, CC BY 4.0. Original source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), uri: https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/bulk/, publisher: ILOSTAT, type: estimates based on external database; Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) View on data.worldbank.org; the full definition is in the World Bank's metadata glossary.
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