Sudan's vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) was 39.67% in 2022, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 0.08 percentage points from 39.58% in 2012.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 39.67% | 2022 |
| Five years earlier | 40.73% | 2017 |
| Ten years earlier | 39.58% | 2012 |
| Highest | 43.44% | 1994 |
| Lowest | 38.53% | 2008 |
| Average since 2013 | 40.39% | 2013–2022 |
| First recorded | 43.3% | 1991 |
What the numbers say
In 2022, Sudan's vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) fell 0.42 percentage points on 2021 (from 40.09% to 39.67%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1992 to 2021), the average change was −0.11 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.36 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.9 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.41 percentage points in 2017 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.89 percentage points in 2021. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2013 to 2022 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 6% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
See how every economy compares in the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Sudan | 39.67% | 2022 |
| World | 42.38% | 2025 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 71% | 2025 |
| Low income | 76.08% | 2025 |
Closest to Sudan in the 2022 ranking
- West Bank and Gaza — 2nd of 2: 18.38%
What this measures
Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Limitations: Data are drawn from labor force surveys and household surveys, supplemented by official estimates and censuses for a small group of countries. Due to differences in definitions and coverage across countries, there are limitations for comparing data across countries and over time even within a country. Estimates of women in employment are not comparable internationally, reflecting that demographic, social, legal, and cultural trends and norms determine whether women's activities are regarded as economic.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 32 values
| Year | Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 39.67 |
| 2021 | 40.09 |
| 2020 | 40.98 |
| 2019 | 41.26 |
| 2018 | 40.99 |
| 2017 | 40.73 |
| 2016 | 40.31 |
| 2015 | 40.17 |
| 2014 | 39.81 |
| 2013 | 39.87 |
| 2012 |
Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) in nearby economies
- Angola — 66.27% (2025)
- Benin — 78.53% (2025)
- Botswana — 25.61% (2025)
- Burkina Faso — 80.56% (2025)
- Burundi — 83.66% (2025)
- Cabo Verde — 34.26% (2025)
- Cameroon — 67.56% (2025)
- Central African Republic — 79.42% (2025)
More social protection & labor data for Sudan
- Net migration — 291,469 (2025)
- Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of origin — 2.82 million (2025)
- Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of asylum — 809,816 (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate) — 7.68% (2022)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate) — 45.13% (2022)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate) — 26.53% (2022)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate) — 14.59% (2022)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Sudan's vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)?
- 39.67% in 2022, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1991?
- It is down 3.63 percentage points from 43.3% in 1991. The highest value was 43.44% in 1994 and the lowest 38.53% in 2008.
- Is the latest change in vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) unusual for Sudan?
- In 2022, Sudan's vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) fell 0.42 percentage points on 2021 (from 40.09% to 39.67%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1992 to 2021), the average change was −0.11 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.36 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.9 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SL.EMP.VULN.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), uri: https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/bulk/, publisher: ILOSTAT, type: estimates based on external database; Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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