Of the economies in the World Bank's latest release, Singapore has the highest water productivity, total (constant 2015 US$ GDP per cubic meter of total freshwater withdrawal) (US$1,929 in 2022) and Afghanistan the lowest (US$0.76 in 2022). The world figure is US$23.4 (2022).
What this measures
Water productivity is calculated as GDP in constant prices divided by annual total water withdrawal.
Limitations: A common perception is that most of the available freshwater resources are visible (on the surfaces of lakes, reservoirs and rivers). However, this visible water represents only a tiny fraction of global freshwater resources, as most of it is stored in aquifers, with the largest stocks stored in solid form in the Antarctic and in Greenland's ice cap. The data on freshwater resources are based on estimates of runoff into rivers and recharge of groundwater. These estimates are based on different sources and refer to different years, so cross-country comparisons should be made with caution.
Each country's latest available year is shown; countries report on different schedules, so compare years before comparing values.
Ranking
| # | Economy | Latest value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Singapore | US$1,929 | 2022 |
| 2 | Monaco | US$1,669 | 2022 |
| 3 | Luxembourg | US$1,470 | 2022 |
| 4 | Maldives | US$1,220 | 2022 |
| 5 | Qatar | US$683.63 | 2022 |
| 6 | Equatorial Guinea | US$503.19 | 2022 |
| 7 | Switzerland | US$480.89 | 2022 |
| 8 | Malta | US$455.56 | 2022 |
| 9 | United Kingdom | US$388.91 | 2022 |
| 10 | Denmark | US$373.44 | 2022 |
| 11 | Antigua and Barbuda | US$366.28 | 2022 |
| 12 | Ireland | US$304.71 | 2022 |
| 13 | Israel | US$249.83 | 2021 |
| 14 | Bahrain | US$248.06 | 2022 |
| 15 | Sweden | US$229.35 | 2022 |
| 16 | Congo, Rep. | US$221.2 | 2022 |
| 17 | United Arab Emirates | US$186.07 | 2022 |
| 18 | Slovak Republic | US$182.77 | 2022 |
| 19 | Latvia | US$179.08 | 2022 |
| 20 | Lithuania | US$177.93 | 2022 |
| 21 | Djibouti | US$177.14 | 2022 |
| 22 | Norway | US$170.05 | 2022 |
| 23 | Seychelles | US$164.22 | 2022 |
| 24 | Kuwait | US$158.41 | 2022 |
| 25 | Czechia | US$152.34 | 2022 |
| 26 | Germany | US$144.53 | 2022 |
| 27 | Brunei Darussalam | US$141.31 | 2022 |
| 28 | Angola | US$141.29 | 2022 |
| 29 | Australia | US$137.04 | 2022 |
| 30 | Austria | US$136.3 | 2022 |
| 31 | Cyprus | US$132.72 | 2022 |
| 32 | Benin | US$128.97 | 2022 |
| 33 | Belgium | US$120.92 | 2022 |
| 34 | Gabon | US$114.07 | 2022 |
| 35 | Comoros | US$114.03 | 2022 |
| 36 | Netherlands | US$111.3 | 2022 |
| 37 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | US$110.22 | 2022 |
| 38 | Namibia | US$109.61 | 2022 |
| 39 | Puerto Rico (US) | US$109.09 | 2022 |
| 40 | France | US$108.49 | 2022 |
| 41 | Bolivia | US$103.58 | 2022 |
| 42 | Croatia | US$94.37 | 2022 |
| 43 | Barbados | US$85.97 | 2022 |
| 44 | Finland | US$85.22 | 2022 |
| 45 | Botswana | US$81.91 | 2022 |
| 46 | St. Kitts and Nevis | US$80.6 | 2022 |
| 47 | Grenada | US$77.99 | 2022 |
| 48 | Congo, Dem. Rep. | US$76.92 | 2022 |
| 49 | Iceland | US$75.91 | 2022 |
| 50 | Uganda | US$69.3 | 2022 |
| 51 | Poland | US$67.89 | 2022 |
| 52 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | US$64.98 | 2022 |
| 53 | Slovenia | US$64.55 | 2022 |
| 54 | Papua New Guinea | US$64.2 | 2022 |
| 55 | Trinidad and Tobago | US$63.83 | 2022 |
| 56 | Korea, Rep. | US$63.37 | 2022 |
| 57 | Italy | US$59.2 | 2022 |
| 58 | Japan | US$58.79 | 2022 |
| 59 | Côte d'Ivoire | US$58.25 | 2022 |
| 60 | Panama | US$57.97 | 2022 |
| 61 | Malaysia | US$57.89 | 2022 |
| 62 | Fiji | US$57.3 | 2022 |
| 63 | Oman | US$54.4 | 2022 |
| 64 | Jordan | US$51.07 | 2022 |
| 65 | Lesotho | US$50.5 | 2022 |
| 66 | Canada | US$49.47 | 2022 |
| 67 | United States | US$48.35 | 2022 |
| 68 | Ghana | US$47.31 | 2022 |
| 69 | St. Lucia | US$46.92 | 2022 |
| 70 | Spain | US$46.44 | 2022 |
| 71 | West Bank and Gaza | US$44.87 | 2021 |
| 72 | Sierra Leone | US$42.01 | 2022 |
| 73 | Belarus | US$40.51 | 2022 |
| 74 | Nigeria | US$40.33 | 2022 |
| 75 | Portugal | US$37.52 | 2022 |
| 76 | Cameroon | US$37.03 | 2022 |
| 77 | Saudi Arabia | US$36.75 | 2022 |
| 78 | Togo | US$35.12 | 2022 |
| 79 | Hungary | US$33.73 | 2022 |
| 80 | Mongolia | US$31.23 | 2022 |
| 81 | China | US$29.39 | 2022 |
| 82 | Dominica | US$28.7 | 2022 |
| 83 | Romania | US$28.22 | 2022 |
| 84 | Central African Republic | US$28.05 | 2022 |
| 85 | Brazil | US$27.96 | 2022 |
| 86 | Belize | US$24.97 | 2022 |
| 87 | Guatemala | US$23.54 | 2022 |
| 88 | Estonia | US$23.52 | 2022 |
| 89 | Kenya | US$23.51 | 2022 |
| 90 | Liberia | US$23.5 | 2022 |
| 91 | Russian Federation | US$22.9 | 2022 |
| 92 | New Zealand | US$21.98 | 2022 |
| 93 | Mauritius | US$21.38 | 2022 |
| 94 | Greece | US$21.35 | 2022 |
| 95 | Rwanda | US$20.94 | 2022 |
| 96 | Costa Rica | US$20.54 | 2022 |
| 97 | Burkina Faso | US$20.37 | 2022 |
| 98 | Algeria | US$20.08 | 2022 |
| 99 | Türkiye | US$18.81 | 2022 |
| 100 | Lebanon | US$18.73 | 2022 |
| 101 | Gambia, The | US$18.44 | 2022 |
| 102 | Chad | US$18.1 | 2022 |
| 103 | Albania | US$18.05 | 2022 |
| 104 | Paraguay | US$17.38 | 2022 |
| 105 | South Africa | US$17.1 | 2022 |
| 106 | Zambia | US$16.65 | 2022 |
| 107 | Georgia | US$16.47 | 2022 |
| 108 | Honduras | US$16.16 | 2022 |
| 109 | Argentina | US$16 | 2022 |
| 110 | Cambodia | US$15.84 | 2022 |
| 111 | Guinea | US$15.59 | 2022 |
| 112 | Ukraine | US$14.88 | 2022 |
| 113 | Colombia | US$14.62 | 2022 |
| 114 | Mexico | US$14.34 | 2022 |
| 115 | El Salvador | US$14.11 | 2022 |
| 116 | Uruguay | US$13.73 | 2022 |
| 117 | Dominican Republic | US$13.69 | 2022 |
| 118 | Mozambique | US$13.22 | 2022 |
| 119 | Tanzania | US$12.96 | 2022 |
| 120 | Jamaica | US$12.64 | 2022 |
| 121 | Burundi | US$12.54 | 2022 |
| 122 | Tunisia | US$12.5 | 2022 |
| 123 | Cuba | US$12 | 2022 |
| 124 | Morocco | US$11.95 | 2022 |
| 125 | Cabo Verde | US$11.6 | 2022 |
| 126 | Nicaragua | US$11.5 | 2022 |
| 127 | Bulgaria | US$11.4 | 2022 |
| 128 | Ecuador | US$10.98 | 2022 |
| 129 | Moldova | US$10.79 | 2022 |
| 130 | Yemen, Rep. | US$10.32 | 2018 |
| 131 | Serbia | US$10.29 | 2022 |
| 132 | Haiti | US$9.97 | 2022 |
| 133 | Guyana | US$9.88 | 2022 |
| 134 | Ethiopia | US$9.64 | 2022 |
| 135 | Guinea-Bissau | US$9.05 | 2022 |
| 136 | Kazakhstan | US$8.87 | 2022 |
| 137 | Libya | US$8.84 | 2022 |
| 138 | Peru | US$8.62 | 2022 |
| 139 | Bangladesh | US$8.52 | 2022 |
| 140 | Malawi | US$8.5 | 2022 |
| 141 | Senegal | US$8.26 | 2022 |
| 142 | Chile | US$7.89 | 2022 |
| 143 | Thailand | US$7.86 | 2022 |
| 144 | São Tomé and Principe | US$7.76 | 2022 |
| 145 | Bhutan | US$7.74 | 2022 |
| 146 | Suriname | US$7.16 | 2022 |
| 147 | Sri Lanka | US$6.91 | 2022 |
| 148 | Egypt, Arab Rep. | US$5.86 | 2022 |
| 149 | Mauritania | US$5.72 | 2022 |
| 150 | Niger | US$5.54 | 2022 |
| 151 | North Macedonia | US$5.27 | 2022 |
| 152 | Iran, Islamic Rep. | US$5.26 | 2022 |
| 153 | Indonesia | US$5.04 | 2022 |
| 154 | Armenia | US$4.63 | 2022 |
| 155 | India | US$4.62 | 2022 |
| 156 | Iraq | US$4.58 | 2022 |
| 157 | Zimbabwe | US$4.48 | 2022 |
| 158 | Philippines | US$4.48 | 2022 |
| 159 | Viet Nam | US$4.41 | 2022 |
| 160 | Azerbaijan | US$4.36 | 2022 |
| 161 | Eswatini | US$4.22 | 2022 |
| 162 | Mali | US$3.91 | 2022 |
| 163 | Nepal | US$3.48 | 2022 |
| 164 | Uzbekistan | US$3.35 | 2022 |
| 165 | Lao PDR | US$2.66 | 2022 |
| 166 | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | US$2.48 | 2022 |
| 167 | Pakistan | US$2.23 | 2022 |
| 168 | Montenegro | US$2.2 | 2022 |
| 169 | Turkmenistan | US$2.08 | 2022 |
| 170 | Myanmar | US$1.9 | 2022 |
| 171 | Timor-Leste | US$1.85 | 2022 |
| 172 | Sudan | US$1.78 | 2022 |
| 173 | Venezuela, RB | US$1.72 | 2022 |
| 174 | Tajikistan | US$1.27 | 2022 |
| 175 | Syrian Arab Republic | US$1.15 | 2022 |
| 176 | Kyrgyz Republic | US$1.1 | 2022 |
| 177 | Madagascar | US$0.99 | 2022 |
| 178 | Afghanistan | US$0.76 | 2022 |
Regions and income groups
More environment indicators
- Fertilizer consumption (% of fertilizer production)
- Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)
- Agricultural land (sq. km)
- Agricultural land (% of land area)
- Arable land (hectares)
- Arable land (hectares per person)
- Arable land (% of land area)
- Land under cereal production (hectares)
- Permanent cropland (% of land area)
- Forest area (sq. km)
- Forest area (% of land area)
- Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land)
Reading data like this
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, ER.GDP.FWTL.M3.KD, CC BY 4.0. Original source: AQUASTAT - FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); World Bank GDP estimates, World Bank (WB), publisher: World Bank (WB); OECD GDP estimates, Org… View on data.worldbank.org; the full definition is in the World Bank's metadata glossary.
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