Of the economies in the World Bank's latest release, Chad has the highest vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) (86.21% in 2025) and Qatar the lowest (0.4% in 2025). The world figure is 41.88% (2025).
What this measures
Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Limitations: Data are drawn from labor force surveys and household surveys, supplemented by official estimates and censuses for a small group of countries. Due to differences in definitions and coverage across countries, there are limitations for comparing data across countries and over time even within a country. Estimates of women in employment are not comparable internationally, reflecting that demographic, social, legal, and cultural trends and norms determine whether women's activities are regarded as economic.
Each country's latest available year is shown; countries report on different schedules, so compare years before comparing values.
Ranking
| # | Economy | Latest value | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chad | 86.21% | 2025 |
| 2 | Ethiopia | 82.38% | 2025 |
| 3 | Afghanistan | 81.07% | 2025 |
| 4 | Madagascar | 80.95% | 2025 |
| 5 | Sierra Leone | 80.88% | 2025 |
| 6 | Tanzania | 78.12% | 2025 |
| 7 | South Sudan | 77.83% | 2023 |
| 8 | Burundi | 76.9% | 2025 |
| 9 | Mozambique | 76.29% | 2025 |
| 10 | Niger | 75.95% | 2025 |
| 11 | Congo, Dem. Rep. | 75.81% | 2025 |
| 12 | Burkina Faso | 74.41% | 2025 |
| 13 | Central African Republic | 74.29% | 2025 |
| 14 | Guinea | 73.84% | 2025 |
| 15 | Benin | 73.68% | 2025 |
| 16 | Lao PDR | 72.16% | 2025 |
| 17 | Mali | 72.13% | 2025 |
| 18 | Haiti | 69.88% | 2025 |
| 19 | Nepal | 69.14% | 2025 |
| 20 | India | 68.95% | 2025 |
| 21 | Togo | 66.37% | 2025 |
| 22 | Uganda | 65.86% | 2025 |
| 23 | Guinea-Bissau | 65.48% | 2025 |
| 24 | Liberia | 65.07% | 2025 |
| 25 | Papua New Guinea | 63.5% | 2025 |
| 26 | Congo, Rep. | 63.29% | 2025 |
| 27 | Zambia | 62.5% | 2025 |
| 28 | Myanmar | 62.31% | 2025 |
| 29 | Côte d'Ivoire | 61.29% | 2025 |
| 30 | Bhutan | 60.37% | 2025 |
| 31 | Cameroon | 60.15% | 2025 |
| 32 | Zimbabwe | 59.93% | 2025 |
| 33 | Solomon Islands | 58.97% | 2025 |
| 34 | Bolivia | 58.45% | 2025 |
| 35 | Moldova | 57.63% | 2025 |
| 36 | Senegal | 55.73% | 2025 |
| 37 | Kenya | 55.6% | 2025 |
| 38 | Nigeria | 54.85% | 2025 |
| 39 | Vanuatu | 54.66% | 2025 |
| 40 | Malawi | 53.99% | 2025 |
| 41 | Timor-Leste | 53.94% | 2025 |
| 42 | Ghana | 53.74% | 2025 |
| 43 | Bangladesh | 53.6% | 2025 |
| 44 | Korea, Dem. People's Rep. | 52.49% | 2025 |
| 45 | Angola | 51.46% | 2025 |
| 46 | Pakistan | 50.4% | 2025 |
| 47 | Azerbaijan | 49.29% | 2025 |
| 48 | Comoros | 48.29% | 2025 |
| 49 | Thailand | 47.85% | 2025 |
| 50 | Gambia, The | 47.18% | 2025 |
| 51 | Cambodia | 46.85% | 2025 |
| 52 | Albania | 46.05% | 2025 |
| 53 | Viet Nam | 45.94% | 2025 |
| 54 | Mauritania | 45.09% | 2025 |
| 55 | Samoa | 44.87% | 2025 |
| 56 | Yemen, Rep. | 44.51% | 2025 |
| 57 | Colombia | 44.47% | 2025 |
| 58 | Georgia | 44.33% | 2025 |
| 59 | Indonesia | 44.32% | 2025 |
| 60 | Dominican Republic | 43.95% | 2025 |
| 61 | Ecuador | 43.91% | 2025 |
| 62 | Peru | 43.44% | 2025 |
| 63 | Syrian Arab Republic | 41.69% | 2025 |
| 64 | Eritrea | 40.49% | 2025 |
| 65 | Somalia, Fed. Rep. | 40.25% | 2025 |
| 66 | Iran, Islamic Rep. | 40.24% | 2025 |
| 67 | Mongolia | 39.86% | 2025 |
| 68 | Panama | 39.45% | 2025 |
| 69 | Uzbekistan | 39.41% | 2025 |
| 70 | Sri Lanka | 39.18% | 2025 |
| 71 | Morocco | 39.18% | 2025 |
| 72 | Venezuela, RB | 38.26% | 2025 |
| 73 | Rwanda | 36.17% | 2025 |
| 74 | Sudan | 36.12% | 2022 |
| 75 | Lesotho | 35.39% | 2025 |
| 76 | Jamaica | 35.04% | 2025 |
| 77 | Paraguay | 34.59% | 2025 |
| 78 | São Tomé and Principe | 34.22% | 2025 |
| 79 | China | 34% | 2025 |
| 80 | Nicaragua | 33.97% | 2025 |
| 81 | Fiji | 33.87% | 2025 |
| 82 | Tonga | 33.03% | 2025 |
| 83 | Armenia | 31.77% | 2025 |
| 84 | Kyrgyz Republic | 31.32% | 2025 |
| 85 | Philippines | 29.62% | 2025 |
| 86 | Brazil | 29.38% | 2025 |
| 87 | Turkmenistan | 28.97% | 2025 |
| 88 | Guatemala | 28.83% | 2025 |
| 89 | Belize | 27.25% | 2025 |
| 90 | St. Lucia | 26.97% | 2025 |
| 91 | Honduras | 26.94% | 2025 |
| 92 | Trinidad and Tobago | 26.55% | 2025 |
| 93 | Algeria | 26.33% | 2025 |
| 94 | Cabo Verde | 26.1% | 2025 |
| 95 | Iraq | 26.04% | 2025 |
| 96 | Malaysia | 25.96% | 2025 |
| 97 | Serbia | 25.85% | 2025 |
| 98 | Gabon | 25.82% | 2025 |
| 99 | Tajikistan | 25.62% | 2025 |
| 100 | Guyana | 25.42% | 2025 |
| 101 | Greece | 25.17% | 2025 |
| 102 | Uruguay | 25.12% | 2025 |
| 103 | Kazakhstan | 25.09% | 2025 |
| 104 | Costa Rica | 25.01% | 2025 |
| 105 | El Salvador | 24.79% | 2025 |
| 106 | Barbados | 24.76% | 2025 |
| 107 | Botswana | 24.73% | 2025 |
| 108 | Eswatini | 24.18% | 2025 |
| 109 | Djibouti | 23.66% | 2025 |
| 110 | Namibia | 23.61% | 2025 |
| 111 | Mexico | 23.59% | 2025 |
| 112 | Argentina | 23.57% | 2025 |
| 113 | Türkiye | 23.07% | 2025 |
| 114 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 23.06% | 2025 |
| 115 | Egypt, Arab Rep. | 22.71% | 2025 |
| 116 | Libya | 22.7% | 2025 |
| 117 | Bahamas, The | 22.26% | 2025 |
| 118 | Lebanon | 22.2% | 2023 |
| 119 | Cuba | 21.58% | 2025 |
| 120 | Chile | 20.88% | 2025 |
| 121 | Tunisia | 20.29% | 2025 |
| 122 | Ukraine | 19.72% | 2021 |
| 123 | Suriname | 19.52% | 2025 |
| 124 | Equatorial Guinea | 19.4% | 2025 |
| 125 | Korea, Rep. | 18.87% | 2025 |
| 126 | Mauritius | 18.36% | 2025 |
| 127 | Poland | 18.26% | 2025 |
| 128 | New Caledonia | 18.14% | 2025 |
| 129 | Montenegro | 18.02% | 2025 |
| 130 | West Bank and Gaza | 17.87% | 2022 |
| 131 | French Polynesia | 16.56% | 2025 |
| 132 | Czechia | 16.3% | 2025 |
| 133 | Slovak Republic | 16.25% | 2025 |
| 134 | Italy | 16.23% | 2025 |
| 135 | Netherlands | 15.68% | 2025 |
| 136 | Romania | 15.08% | 2025 |
| 137 | North Macedonia | 14.66% | 2025 |
| 138 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 14.49% | 2025 |
| 139 | New Zealand | 14.05% | 2025 |
| 140 | United Kingdom | 13.87% | 2025 |
| 141 | Puerto Rico (US) | 13.84% | 2025 |
| 142 | Ireland | 13.04% | 2025 |
| 143 | Belgium | 12.89% | 2025 |
| 144 | Lithuania | 12.78% | 2025 |
| 145 | Maldives | 12.76% | 2025 |
| 146 | Slovenia | 12.7% | 2025 |
| 147 | Guam | 12.3% | 2025 |
| 148 | Finland | 12.06% | 2025 |
| 149 | South Africa | 11.85% | 2025 |
| 150 | Singapore | 11.77% | 2025 |
| 151 | Spain | 11.75% | 2025 |
| 152 | Malta | 11.43% | 2025 |
| 153 | Portugal | 10.93% | 2025 |
| 154 | Canada | 10.61% | 2025 |
| 155 | Australia | 10.36% | 2025 |
| 156 | Iceland | 10.27% | 2025 |
| 157 | Switzerland | 9.46% | 2025 |
| 158 | Cyprus | 9.25% | 2025 |
| 159 | France | 9.13% | 2025 |
| 160 | Jordan | 9.09% | 2025 |
| 161 | Estonia | 8.83% | 2025 |
| 162 | Sweden | 8.81% | 2025 |
| 163 | Latvia | 8.78% | 2025 |
| 164 | Hungary | 8.69% | 2025 |
| 165 | Austria | 8.45% | 2025 |
| 166 | Israel | 8.42% | 2025 |
| 167 | Croatia | 8.16% | 2025 |
| 168 | Japan | 8% | 2025 |
| 169 | Bulgaria | 7.95% | 2025 |
| 170 | Hong Kong SAR, China | 7.85% | 2025 |
| 171 | Virgin Islands (US) | 6.92% | 2025 |
| 172 | Luxembourg | 6.77% | 2025 |
| 173 | Belarus | 6.3% | 2025 |
| 174 | Denmark | 6.23% | 2025 |
| 175 | Channel Islands | 5.52% | 2025 |
| 176 | Norway | 5.23% | 2025 |
| 177 | Russian Federation | 5.14% | 2025 |
| 178 | United States | 4.81% | 2025 |
| 179 | Germany | 4.73% | 2025 |
| 180 | Macao SAR, China | 4.39% | 2025 |
| 181 | Oman | 3.54% | 2025 |
| 182 | Brunei Darussalam | 3.43% | 2025 |
| 183 | Kuwait | 2.92% | 2025 |
| 184 | United Arab Emirates | 1.23% | 2025 |
| 185 | Saudi Arabia | 1.14% | 2025 |
| 186 | Bahrain | 0.78% | 2025 |
| 187 | Qatar | 0.4% | 2025 |
Regions and income groups
More social protection & labor indicators
- Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
Reading data like this
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, SL.EMP.VULN.MA.ZS, CC BY 4.0. Original source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), uri: https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/bulk/, publisher: ILOSTAT, type: estimates based on external database; Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) View on data.worldbank.org; the full definition is in the World Bank's metadata glossary.
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