Panama's vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) was 39.45% in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 5.38 percentage points from 34.07% in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 39.45% | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 39.94% | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 34.07% | 2015 |
| Highest | 43.32% | 2022 |
| Lowest | 29.41% | 2008 |
| Average since 2016 | 38.73% | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 36.66% | 1991 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Panama's vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) fell 0.1 percentage points on 2024 (from 39.54% to 39.45%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.12 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.18 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 5.55 percentage points in 2009 and the biggest yearly fall was 6.11 percentage points in 2008. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.49 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 39% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, Panama had the 68th highest value of the 182 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Panama | 39.45% | 2025 |
| World | 41.88% | 2025 |
| Latin America & Caribbean | 31.6% | 2025 |
| High income | 8.99% | 2025 |
Closest to Panama in the 2025 ranking
- Somalia, Fed. Rep. — 64th of 182: 40.25%
- Iran, Islamic Rep. — 65th of 182: 40.24%
- Mongolia — 66th of 182: 39.86%
- Uzbekistan — 68th of 182: 39.41%
- Sri Lanka — 69th of 182: 39.18%
- Morocco — 70th of 182: 39.18%
What this measures
Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Limitations: Data are drawn from labor force surveys and household surveys, supplemented by official estimates and censuses for a small group of countries. Due to differences in definitions and coverage across countries, there are limitations for comparing data across countries and over time even within a country. Estimates of women in employment are not comparable internationally, reflecting that demographic, social, legal, and cultural trends and norms determine whether women's activities are regarded as economic.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 35 values
| Year | Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 39.45 |
| 2024 | 39.54 |
| 2023 | 37.96 |
| 2022 | 43.32 |
| 2021 | 39.63 |
| 2020 | 39.94 |
| 2019 | 39.57 |
| 2018 | 36.92 |
| 2017 | 35.9 |
| 2016 | 35.1 |
| 2015 |
Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) in nearby economies
- Argentina — 23.57% (2025)
- Bahamas, The — 22.26% (2025)
- Barbados — 24.76% (2025)
- Belize — 27.25% (2025)
- Bolivia — 58.45% (2025)
- Brazil — 29.38% (2025)
- Chile — 20.88% (2025)
- Colombia — 44.47% (2025)
- Costa Rica
More social protection & labor data for Panama
- Net migration — 6,151 (2025)
- Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate) — 8.31% (2025)
- Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of asylum — 2,694 (2025)
- Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (national estimate) — 10.36% (2025)
- Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (national estimate) — 6.72% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate) — 33.81% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate) — 51.44% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Panama's vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)?
- 39.45% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1991?
- It is up 2.79 percentage points from 36.66% in 1991. The highest value was 43.32% in 2022 and the lowest 29.41% in 2008.
- How does Panama rank?
- 68th highest of 182 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) unusual for Panama?
- In 2025, Panama's vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate) fell 0.1 percentage points on 2024 (from 39.54% to 39.45%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.12 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.18 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SL.EMP.VULN.MA.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: ILO Modelled Estimates database (ILOEST), International Labour Organization (ILO), uri: https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/bulk/, publisher: ILOSTAT, type: estimates based on external database; Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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