Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) by country

What this measures

Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.

Limitations: The exercise treats public education expenditures as an addition to savings. However, because of the wide variability in the effectiveness of public education expenditures, these figures cannot be construed as the value of investments in human capital. A current expenditure of $1 on education does not necessarily yield $1 of human capital. The calculation should also consider private education expenditure, but data are not available for a large number of countries. While extensive, the accounting of natural resource depletion and pollution costs still has some gaps.

Each country's latest available year is shown; countries report on different schedules, so compare years before comparing values.

Ranking

More economic policy & debt indicators

• Trade in services (% of GDP)
• Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP)
• Primary income payments (BoP, current US$)
• Imports of goods and services (current US$, BoP)
• Insurance and financial services (% of service imports, BoP)
• Goods imports (current US$, BoP)
• Service imports (current US$, BoP)
• Charges for the use of intellectual property, payments (BoP, current US$)
• Imports of goods, services and primary income (current US$, BoP)
• Transport services (% of service imports, BoP)
• Travel services (% of service imports, BoP)
• Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$)

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Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, NY.ADJ.SVNG.GN.ZS, CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium, World Bank (WB) View on data.worldbank.org; the full definition is in the World Bank's metadata glossary.