Ghana: Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2021, Ghana's adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) fell 10.1 percentage points on 2020 (from 13.88% to 3.78%).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2020), the average change was +0.61 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 5.21 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 12.3 percentage points in 2013 and the biggest yearly fall was 11.85 percentage points in 2007. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is upward, about 1.29 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 45% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2021, Ghana had the 82nd highest value of the 116 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Ghana in the 2021 ranking

• Slovak Republic — 78th of 116: 4.45%
• United States — 79th of 116: 4.3%
• Jordan — 80th of 116: 4.17%
• Japan — 82nd of 116: 3.55%
• Mexico — 83rd of 116: 3.45%
• Latvia — 84th of 116: 3.07%

What this measures

Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.

Limitations: The exercise treats public education expenditures as an addition to savings. However, because of the wide variability in the effectiveness of public education expenditures, these figures cannot be construed as the value of investments in human capital. A current expenditure of $1 on education does not necessarily yield $1 of human capital. The calculation should also consider private education expenditure, but data are not available for a large number of countries. While extensive, the accounting of natural resource depletion and pollution costs still has some gaps.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 32 values

Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) in nearby economies

• Angola — 13.4% (2021)
• Benin — 9.41% (2020)
• Botswana — 8.5% (2021)
• Burkina Faso — 7.61% (2019)
• Burundi — -19.76% (2018)
• Cabo Verde — 23.75% (2021)
• Cameroon — -1.61% (2021)
• Comoros — 5.41% (2021)
• Congo, Dem. Rep.

More economic policy & debt data for Ghana

• Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$12.13 billion (2025)
• Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$9.51 billion (2025)
• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$) — US$24.3 billion (2025)
• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU) — 305.12 billion (2025)
• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) — 21.28% (2025)
• GDP (current US$) — US$114.21 billion (2025)
• GDP (current LCU) — 1.43 trillion (2025)
• GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$79.27 billion (2025)
• GDP (constant LCU) — 209.64 billion (2025)
• GDP per capita (current US$)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Ghana's adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)?

3.78% in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1990?

It is up 8.29 percentage points from -4.51% in 1990. The highest value was 13.88% in 2020 and the lowest -11.05% in 2011.

How does Ghana rank?

82nd highest of 116 economies with data for 2021.

Is the latest change in adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) unusual for Ghana?

In 2021, Ghana's adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) fell 10.1 percentage points on 2020 (from 13.88% to 3.78%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2020), the average change was +0.61 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 5.21 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.ADJ.SVNG.GN.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

Want to ask your own questions of data like this? Try AnalyzeIt: upload a file or ask about public data in plain words, and every figure comes with its working.