Estonia's adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) was 16.51% in 2021, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 3.36 percentage points from 13.15% in 2011.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 16.51% | 2021 |
| Five years earlier | 12.6% | 2016 |
| Ten years earlier | 13.15% | 2011 |
| Highest | 16.51% | 2021 |
| Lowest | 8.29% | 2009 |
| Average since 2012 | 14% | 2012–2021 |
| First recorded | 10.26% | 2000 |
What the numbers say
In 2021, Estonia's adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) rose 2.25 percentage points on 2020 (from 14.26% to 16.51%).
Across the 20 yearly changes before that (2001 to 2020), the average change was +0.2 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 1.63 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 4.74 percentage points in 2011 and the biggest yearly fall was 2.72 percentage points in 2008. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.41 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 67% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2021, Estonia had the 27th highest value of the 116 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Estonia in the 2021 ranking
- Paraguay — 23rd of 116: 17.64%
- Cambodia — 24th of 116: 17.34%
- Costa Rica — 25th of 116: 16.92%
- China — 27th of 116: 16.33%
- Switzerland — 28th of 116: 16.15%
- Netherlands — 29th of 116: 15.49%
What this measures
Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.
Limitations: The exercise treats public education expenditures as an addition to savings. However, because of the wide variability in the effectiveness of public education expenditures, these figures cannot be construed as the value of investments in human capital. A current expenditure of $1 on education does not necessarily yield $1 of human capital. The calculation should also consider private education expenditure, but data are not available for a large number of countries. While extensive, the accounting of natural resource depletion and pollution costs still has some gaps.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 22 values
| Year | Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 16.51 |
| 2020 | 14.26 |
| 2019 | 15.51 |
| 2018 | 15.37 |
| 2017 | 14.96 |
| 2016 | 12.6 |
| 2015 | 12.33 |
| 2014 | 13.07 |
| 2013 | 12.27 |
| 2012 | 13.14 |
| 2011 |
Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) in nearby economies
More economic policy & debt data for Estonia
- Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) — 4.76% (2021)
- Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$0 (2021)
- Adjusted savings, energy depletion (current US$) — US$274.52 million (2021)
- Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$) — US$0 (2016)
- GDP (current LCU) — 41.62 billion (2025)
- GDP, linked series (current LCU) — 41.62 billion (2025)
- GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$27.72 billion (2025)
- GDP (constant LCU) — 29.11 billion (2025)
- GDP, PPP (current international $) — 71.2 billion (2025)
- GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Estonia's adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)?
- 16.51% in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2000?
- It is up 6.25 percentage points from 10.26% in 2000. The highest value was 16.51% in 2021 and the lowest 8.29% in 2009.
- How does Estonia rank?
- 27th highest of 116 economies with data for 2021.
- Is the latest change in adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) unusual for Estonia?
- In 2021, Estonia's adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) rose 2.25 percentage points on 2020 (from 14.26% to 16.51%). Across the 20 yearly changes before that (2001 to 2020), the average change was +0.2 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 1.63 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.ADJ.SVNG.GN.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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