Pakistan's researchers in R&D (per million people) was 473.72 in 2023, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 228.05% from 144.4 in 2013 (12.61% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 473.72 | 2023 |
| Ten years earlier | 144.4 | 2013 |
| Highest | 473.72 | 2023 |
| Lowest | 70.99 | 1997 |
| Average since 2015 | 362.02 | 2015–2023 |
| First recorded | 70.99 | 1997 |
Since 1997 it is up 567.28% from 70.99 in 1997 (7.57% a year on average, compounded). The World Bank has no value for 16 of the years in between; the chart leaves those gaps open rather than joining across them.
How it compares
In 2023, Pakistan had the 39th highest value of the 43 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Pakistan in the 2023 ranking
- Argentina — 36th of 43: 1,313
- Romania — 37th of 43: 1,082
- Costa Rica — 38th of 43: 507.76
- Venezuela, RB — 40th of 43: 179.96
- Paraguay — 41st of 43: 138.79
- Myanmar — 42nd of 43: 28.01
What this measures
The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Limitations: Estimates of the resources allocated to R&D are affected by national characteristics such as the periodicity and coverage of national R&D surveys across institutional sectors and industries; and the use of different sampling and estimation methods. R&D typically involves a few large performers, hence R&D surveys use various techniques to maintain up-to-date registers of known performers, while attempting to identify new or occasional performers.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 11 values
| Year | Researchers in R&D (per million people) |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 473.72 |
| 2022 | no data |
| 2021 | 401.39 |
| 2020 | no data |
| 2019 | 362.38 |
| 2018 | no data |
| 2017 | 314.96 |
| 2016 | no data |
| 2015 | 257.67 |
| 2014 | no data |
| 2013 |
Researchers in R&D (per million people) in nearby economies
- Egypt, Arab Rep. — 1,120 (2024)
- Iran, Islamic Rep. — 2,240 (2021)
- Iraq — 164.29 (2021)
- Kuwait — 144.75 (2024)
- Malta — 2,355 (2023)
- Oman — 739.41 (2024)
- Tunisia — 1,668 (2024)
More infrastructure data for Pakistan
- Fixed telephone subscriptions — 2.54 million (2024)
- Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people) — 1.01 (2024)
- Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide — 41,823 (2023)
- Air transport, freight (million ton-km) — 309.52 (2023)
- Air transport, passengers carried — 7.15 million (2023)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions — 193.11 million (2024)
- Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) — 76.85 (2024)
- Industrial design applications, nonresident, by count — 97 (2024)
- Industrial design applications, resident, by count — 612 (2024)
- Patent applications, nonresidents
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Pakistan's researchers in R&D (per million people)?
- 473.72 in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1997?
- It is up 567.28% from 70.99 in 1997 (7.57% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 473.72 in 2023 and the lowest 70.99 in 1997.
- How does Pakistan rank?
- 39th highest of 43 economies with data for 2023.
- Where does this data come from?
- The World Bank's World Development Indicators, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02 Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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