X% of Y is Y × X ÷ 100. A as a percentage of B is A ÷ B × 100. The percentage change from A to B is (B − A) ÷ A × 100.
How it works
Percentage change and percentage points are different: a rate going from 4% to 5% is a rise of one percentage point but a 25% increase.
Going up 50% and then down 50% does not get you back where you started: 100 → 150 → 75. Percentage changes multiply; they do not add.
For a change over several years, the compound annual growth rate is the fairer average; see the CAGR calculator.
Examples
18
45018% of 450 is 8180
100From 80 to 100 is an increase of 25%These examples are run by the tool itself in our automated tests, so the results shown are what it really returns.
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