Namibia's primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) was 105.5% in 2023, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 4.57 percentage points from 100.93% in 2013.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 105.5% | 2023 |
| Five years earlier | 117.35% | 2018 |
| Ten years earlier | 100.93% | 2013 |
| Highest | 117.35% | 2018 |
| Lowest | 97.51% | 2008 |
| Average since 2014 | 108.72% | 2014–2023 |
| First recorded | 97.51% | 2008 |
What the numbers say
In 2023, Namibia's primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) fell 11.09 percentage points on 2022 (from 116.59% to 105.5%).
Across the 14 yearly changes before that (2009 to 2022), the average change was +1.36 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 4.55 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 15.54 percentage points in 2018 and the biggest yearly fall was 11.09 percentage points in 2023. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2014 to 2023 the straight-line trend is upward, about 1.21 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 32% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2023, Namibia had the 11th highest value of the 32 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Namibia in the 2023 ranking
What this measures
Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget measures the extent to which aggregate budget expenditure outturn reflects the amount originally approved, as defined in government budget documentation and fiscal reports. The coverage is budgetary central government (BCG) and the time period covered is the last three completed fiscal years.
Limitations: Although not all countries have used the PEFA methodology on an annual basis for the PEFA PI-1 indicator, the methodology relies on standard data sets for approved and final budget outturns which are commonly produced at least annually in every country. The countries that have not used the methodology to date are primarily highly developed countries which would have less difficulty in providing the necessary data than those in the lower and middle income categories that have been primary users of Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) to date. (As of: 2024-07-29) One limitation of the indicator is that it is an aggregate indicator of budget reliability.
All 16 values
| Year | Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 105.5 |
| 2022 | 116.59 |
| 2021 | 111.18 |
| 2020 | 112.37 |
| 2019 | 115.25 |
| 2018 | 117.35 |
| 2017 | 101.81 |
| 2016 | 102.25 |
| 2015 | 101.76 |
| 2014 | 103.1 |
Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) in nearby economies
- Angola — 73.48% (2023)
- Benin — 97.26% (2018)
- Botswana — 87.22% (2023)
- Burkina Faso — 95.82% (2016)
- Burundi — 112.38% (2023)
- Cabo Verde — 82.55% (2016)
- Cameroon — 42.64% (2024)
- Chad — 95.04% (2017)
More public sector data for Namibia
- Military expenditure (current USD) — 410.52 million (2025)
- Military expenditure (current LCU) — 7.34 billion (2025)
- Military expenditure (% of GDP) — 2.77% (2025)
- Grants and other revenue (current LCU) — 3.68 billion (2024)
- Grants and other revenue (% of revenue) — 4.14% (2024)
- Revenue, excluding grants (current LCU) — 88.9 billion (2024)
- Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) — 35.56% (2024)
- Taxes on international trade (current LCU) — 29.08 billion (2024)
- Taxes on international trade (% of revenue) — 32.72% (2024)
- Tax revenue (current LCU)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Namibia's primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%)?
- 105.5% in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2008?
- It is up 7.99 percentage points from 97.51% in 2008. The highest value was 117.35% in 2018 and the lowest 97.51% in 2008.
- How does Namibia rank?
- 11th highest of 32 economies with data for 2023.
- Is the latest change in primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) unusual for Namibia?
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator GF.XPD.BUDG.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA), World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.pefa.org/node/5239, note: The raw data collected in order to calculate this indicator are the initially Approved and Executed Budgets. Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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