Chad: Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2017, Chad's primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) rose 37.39 percentage points on 2016 (from 57.64% to 95.04%).

Across the 9 yearly changes before that (2008 to 2016), the average change was −5.03 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 22.02 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.9 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 37.39 percentage points in 2017 and the biggest yearly fall was 42.81 percentage points in 2011. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2008 to 2017 the straight-line trend is downward, about 4.87 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 38% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

Closest to Chad in the 2017 ranking

• Guinea-Bissau — 2nd of 2: 69.46%

What this measures

Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget measures the extent to which aggregate budget expenditure outturn reflects the amount originally approved, as defined in government budget documentation and fiscal reports. The coverage is budgetary central government (BCG) and the time period covered is the last three completed fiscal years.

Limitations: Although not all countries have used the PEFA methodology on an annual basis for the PEFA PI-1 indicator, the methodology relies on standard data sets for approved and final budget outturns which are commonly produced at least annually in every country. The countries that have not used the methodology to date are primarily highly developed countries which would have less difficulty in providing the necessary data than those in the lower and middle income categories that have been primary users of Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) to date. (As of: 2024-07-29) One limitation of the indicator is that it is an aggregate indicator of budget reliability.

All 11 values

Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) in nearby economies

• Angola — 73.48% (2023)
• Benin — 97.26% (2018)
• Botswana — 87.22% (2023)
• Burkina Faso — 95.82% (2016)
• Burundi — 112.38% (2023)
• Cabo Verde — 82.55% (2016)
• Cameroon — 42.64% (2024)
• Comoros — 79.45% (2022)

More public sector data for Chad

• Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values) — 4 million (2025)
• Military expenditure (current USD) — 648.81 million (2025)
• Military expenditure (current LCU) — 377.27 billion (2025)
• Military expenditure (% of GDP) — 3.19% (2025)
• Armed forces personnel, total — 45,000 (2020)
• Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force) — 0.85% (2020)
• Military expenditure (% of general government expenditure) — 15.53% (2025)
• Battle-related deaths (number of people) — 69 (2024)
• CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high) — 2.5 (2025)
• CPIA debt policy rating (1=low to 6=high)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Chad's primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%)?

95.04% in 2017, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 2007?

It is down 7.9 percentage points from 102.94% in 2007. The highest value was 144.45% in 2010 and the lowest 57.64% in 2016.

Is the latest change in primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) unusual for Chad?

In 2017, Chad's primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) rose 37.39 percentage points on 2016 (from 57.64% to 95.04%). Across the 9 yearly changes before that (2008 to 2016), the average change was −5.03 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 22.02 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.9 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator GF.XPD.BUDG.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA), World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.pefa.org/node/5239, note: The raw data collected in order to calculate this indicator are the initially Approved and Executed Budgets. Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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