Low income's gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) was 19.9% in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 1.28 percentage points from 21.18% in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 19.9% | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 21.59% | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 21.18% | 2015 |
| Highest | 23.41% | 2019 |
| Lowest | 19.9% | 2025 |
| Average since 2016 | 22.03% | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 22.75% | 2011 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Low income's gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) fell 0.82 percentage points on 2024 (from 20.72% to 19.9%).
Across the 13 yearly changes before that (2012 to 2024), the average change was −0.16 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.98 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 1.35 percentage points in 2021 and the biggest yearly fall was 1.82 percentage points in 2020. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is downward, about 0.27 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 53% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
See how every economy compares in the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Low income | 19.9% | 2025 |
| World | 25.62% | 2024 |
What this measures
Gross fixed capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during the accounting period, including certain specified expenditures on services that add to the value of non-produced assets. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 15 values
| Year | Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 19.9 |
| 2024 | 20.72 |
| 2023 | 21.65 |
| 2022 | 22.13 |
| 2021 | 22.94 |
| 2020 | 21.59 |
| 2019 | 23.41 |
| 2018 | 23.04 |
| 2017 | 22.84 |
| 2016 | 22.09 |
| 2015 |
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) in nearby economies
More economic policy & debt data for Low income
- GDP (current US$) — US$642.67 billion (2025)
- GDP per capita (current US$) — US$837.36 (2025)
- GNI (current US$) — US$627.91 billion (2025)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Austria (current US$) — US$57.58 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Belgium (current US$) — US$350.05 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Canada (current US$) — US$677.23 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, European Union institutions (current US$) — US$3.08 billion (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Switzerland (current US$) — US$483.76 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Germany (current US$)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Low income's gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)?
- 19.9% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2011?
- It is down 2.85 percentage points from 22.75% in 2011. The highest value was 23.41% in 2019 and the lowest 19.9% in 2025.
- Is the latest change in gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) unusual for Low income?
- In 2025, Low income's gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) fell 0.82 percentage points on 2024 (from 20.72% to 19.9%). Across the 13 yearly changes before that (2012 to 2024), the average change was −0.16 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.98 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
- Where does this data come from?
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.GDI.FTOT.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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