Viet Nam: Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, Viet Nam's primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) fell 22.87 percentage points on 2022 (from 120.93% to 98.06%).

Across the 15 yearly changes before that (2008 to 2022), the average change was +1.07 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 6.85 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 3.5 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 19.68 percentage points in 2022 and the biggest yearly fall was 22.87 percentage points in 2023. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains less than 1% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2023, Viet Nam had the 21st highest value of the 32 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Viet Nam in the 2023 ranking

• Oman — 18th of 32: 99.4%
• Kyrgyz Republic — 19th of 32: 99.37%
• Liberia — 20th of 32: 98.56%
• Jordan — 22nd of 32: 97.35%
• Armenia — 23rd of 32: 97.06%
• Congo, Dem. Rep. — 24th of 32: 96.54%

What this measures

Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget measures the extent to which aggregate budget expenditure outturn reflects the amount originally approved, as defined in government budget documentation and fiscal reports. The coverage is budgetary central government (BCG) and the time period covered is the last three completed fiscal years.

Limitations: Although not all countries have used the PEFA methodology on an annual basis for the PEFA PI-1 indicator, the methodology relies on standard data sets for approved and final budget outturns which are commonly produced at least annually in every country. The countries that have not used the methodology to date are primarily highly developed countries which would have less difficulty in providing the necessary data than those in the lower and middle income categories that have been primary users of Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) to date. (As of: 2024-07-29) One limitation of the indicator is that it is an aggregate indicator of budget reliability.

All 17 values

Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) in nearby economies

• Australia — 100.63% (2023)
• Cambodia — 94.69% (2020)
• China — 98.07% (2024)
• Fiji — 94.23% (2024)
• Indonesia — 100.76% (2024)
• Japan — 123% (2022)
• Kiribati — 100.77% (2022)
• Malaysia — 102.96% (2024)

More public sector data for Viet Nam

• Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values) — 177 million (2025)
• Armed forces personnel, total — 522,000 (2020)
• Military expenditure (current USD) — 10.49 billion (2025)
• Military expenditure (current LCU) — 272.72 trillion (2025)
• Military expenditure (% of GDP) — 2.15% (2025)
• Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force) — 0.95% (2020)
• Military expenditure (% of general government expenditure) — 9.93% (2025)
• Statistical performance indicators (SPI): Pillar 1 data use score (scale 0-100) — 100 (2024)
• Statistical performance indicators (SPI): Pillar 3 data products score (scale 0-100)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Viet Nam's primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%)?

98.06% in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 2007?

It is down 6.75 percentage points from 104.81% in 2007. The highest value was 120.93% in 2022 and the lowest 92.12% in 2019.

How does Viet Nam rank?

21st highest of 32 economies with data for 2023.

Is the latest change in primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%) unusual for Viet Nam?

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator GF.XPD.BUDG.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA), World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.pefa.org/node/5239, note: The raw data collected in order to calculate this indicator are the initially Approved and Executed Budgets. Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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