United States's female share of employment in senior and middle management (%) was 44.06% in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 4.69 percentage points from 39.37% in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 44.06% | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 42.29% | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 39.37% | 2015 |
| Highest | 44.36% | 2023 |
| Lowest | 36.95% | 2006 |
| Average since 2016 | 42.26% | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 37.38% | 2003 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, United States' female share of employment in senior and middle management (%) fell 0.27 percentage points on 2024 (from 44.33% to 44.06%).
Across the 21 yearly changes before that (2004 to 2024), the average change was +0.33 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.58 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.0 standard deviations below that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 1.53 percentage points in 2023 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.62 percentage points in 2006. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.56 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 92% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
A straight-line projection, tested first
Extending that straight line gives about 46.37% for 2028. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2023 to 2025 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 0.6%, against 1.42% for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.
See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.
How it compares
In 2025, United States had the 6th highest value of the 33 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to United States in the 2025 ranking
- Costa Rica — 3rd of 33: 46.21%
- Honduras — 4th of 33: 45.96%
- Ecuador — 5th of 33: 45.28%
- El Salvador — 7th of 33: 43.84%
- Mongolia — 8th of 33: 43.05%
- Colombia — 9th of 33: 41.9%
What this measures
The female share of employment in senior and middle management conveys the number of women in management as a percentage of employment in management. Employment in management is defined based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations. This series refers to senior and middle management only, thus excluding junior management (category 1 in both ISCO-08 and ISCO-88 minus category 14 in ISCO-08 and minus category 13 in ISCO-88).
Limitations: The main limitation of this indicator is that it fails to capture the differences in the levels of responsibility of women in their respective managerial position, or the importance of the enterprises and organizations in which they are employed. Its quality is also significantly impacted by the reliability of the employment statistics by occupation at the two-digit level of the ISCO. Whenever data at the two-digit level of the ISCO are not available, data at the one-digit level could be used as a proxy, referring only to major group 1 of ISCO-08 or ISCO-88, rather than to also refer to major group 1 minus category 14 of ISCO-08 or major group 1 minus category 13 of ISCO-88.
All 23 values
| Year | Female share of employment in senior and middle management (%) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 44.06 |
| 2024 | 44.33 |
| 2023 | 44.36 |
| 2022 | 42.83 |
| 2021 | 43.2 |
| 2020 | 42.29 |
| 2019 | 40.85 |
| 2018 | 40.47 |
| 2017 | 40.53 |
| 2016 | 39.73 |
| 2015 |
More social protection & labor data for United States
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate) — 49.94% (2025)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate) — 50.14% (2025)
- Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate) — 50.04% (2025)
- Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (national estimate) — 54.88% (2025)
- Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (national estimate) — 64.85% (2025)
- Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) — 59.75% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate) — 54.88% (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is United States's female share of employment in senior and middle management (%)?
- 44.06% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2003?
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SL.EMP.SMGT.FE.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Labour Market-related SDG Indicators database (ILOSDG), International Labour Organization (ILO), uri: https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/bulk/, publisher: ILOSTAT, type: external database, date accessed: September 28, 2026 Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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