Peru: Broad money to total reserves ratio

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2022, Peru's broad money to total reserves ratio rose 0.35 on 2021 (from 1.74 to 2.1).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1992 to 2021), the average change was −0.00217 and a typical year strayed about 0.19 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.8 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 3.89 in 1987 and the biggest yearly fall was 2.73 in 1988. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2013 to 2022 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.07 a year. A straight line explains 82% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about 2.16 for 2025. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2020 to 2022 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 0.21, against 0.3 for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

Closest to Peru in the 2022 ranking

• Bahamas, The — 2nd of 8: 3.66
• Philippines — 3rd of 8: 3.61
• Eswatini — 4th of 8: 2.98
• Central African Republic — 6th of 8: 2.09
• Kyrgyz Republic — 7th of 8: 1.88
• Nicaragua — 8th of 8: 1.39

What this measures

Broad money is the sum of all liquid financial instruments held by money-holding sectors that are widely accepted in an economy as a medium of exchange, plus those that can be converted into a medium of exchange at short notice at, or close to, their full nominal value. Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed as a ratio (a÷b).

All 63 values

Broad money to total reserves ratio in nearby economies

• Antigua and Barbuda — 4.7 (2025)
• Argentina — 4.38 (2025)
• Aruba — 2.13 (2023)
• Bahamas, The — 3.66 (2022)
• Barbados — 4.39 (2023)
• Belize — 4.61 (2025)
• Bolivia — 64.32 (2025)
• Brazil — 7.54 (2025)
• Chile — 5.02 (2025)
• Colombia — 2.99 (2025)
• Costa Rica

More financial sector data for Peru

• Consumer price index (2010 = 100) — 165.52 (2025)
• Inflation, consumer prices (annual % growth) — 1.53% (2025)
• GDP deflator (base year varies by country) — 197.2 (2025)
• DEC alternative conversion factor (LCU per US$) — US$3.57 (2025)
• Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) — US$3.57 (2025)
• Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP) — 39.62% (2024)
• Net domestic credit (current LCU) — 436.63 billion (2024)
• Net foreign assets (current LCU) — 269.92 billion (2024)
• Monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP) — 39.62% (2024)
• Claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Peru's broad money to total reserves ratio?

2.1 in 2022, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1960?

It is down 61.79% from 5.48 in 1960 (1.54% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 9.11 in 1967 and the lowest 1.18 in 1994.

Is the latest change in broad money to total reserves ratio unusual for Peru?

In 2022, Peru's broad money to total reserves ratio rose 0.35 on 2021 (from 1.74 to 2.1). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1992 to 2021), the average change was −0.00217 and a typical year strayed about 0.19 from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.8 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator FM.LBL.BMNY.IR.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

Want to ask your own questions of data like this? Try AnalyzeIt: upload a file or ask about public data in plain words, and every figure comes with its working.