Montenegro's ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate) was 80.78% in 2024, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 3.11 percentage points from 77.66% in 2014.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 80.78% | 2024 |
| Five years earlier | 76.5% | 2019 |
| Ten years earlier | 77.66% | 2014 |
| Highest | 82.03% | 2023 |
| Lowest | 72.68% | 2008 |
| Average since 2015 | 77.91% | 2015–2024 |
| First recorded | 73.17% | 2007 |
What the numbers say
In 2024, Montenegro's ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate) fell 1.25 percentage points on 2023 (from 82.03% to 80.78%).
Across the 16 yearly changes before that (2008 to 2023), the average change was +0.55 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 1.45 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 3.03 percentage points in 2023 and the biggest yearly fall was 2.25 percentage points in 2016. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2015 to 2024 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.41 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 31% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2024, Montenegro had the 9th highest value of the 24 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Montenegro | 80.78% | 2024 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 79.92% | 2025 |
Closest to Montenegro in the 2024 ranking
- Zambia — 6th of 24: 82.88%
- Albania — 7th of 24: 81.88%
- Malawi — 8th of 24: 81.11%
- South Africa — 10th of 24: 80.6%
- Lesotho — 11th of 24: 77.82%
- Trinidad and Tobago — 12th of 24: 75.44%
What this measures
Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate is the proportion of female labor force participation relative to male labor force participation. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population ages 15 and older. The labor force is the sum of all persons of working age who are employed and those who are unemployed.
Limitations: Data on the labor force are compiled by the ILO from labor force surveys, censuses, and establishment censuses and surveys. For some countries a combination of these sources is used. Labor force surveys are the most comprehensive source for internationally comparable labor force data. They can cover all non-institutionalized civilians, all branches and sectors of the economy, and all categories of workers, including people holding multiple jobs. By contrast, labor force data from population censuses are often based on a limited number of questions on the economic characteristics of individuals, with little scope to probe.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 18 values
| Year | Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate) |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 80.78 |
| 2023 | 82.03 |
| 2022 | 79 |
| 2021 | 76.81 |
| 2020 | 76.58 |
| 2019 | 76.5 |
| 2018 | 74.82 |
| 2017 | 76.28 |
| 2016 | 77 |
| 2015 | 79.26 |
| 2014 |
Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate) in nearby economies
- Albania — 81.88% (2024)
- Armenia — 74.87% (2023)
- Austria — 86.23% (2025)
- Azerbaijan — 88.94% (2022)
- Belarus — 88.23% (2025)
- Belgium — 85.42% (2025)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina — 66.23% (2025)
- Bulgaria — 79.99% (2025)
More social protection & labor data for Montenegro
- Net migration — -9,279 (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate) — 39.12% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate) — 48.06% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate) — 43.69% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate) — 65.55% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate) — 76.35% (2025)
- Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate) — 70.87% (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Montenegro's ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate)?
- 80.78% in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2007?
- It is up 7.61 percentage points from 73.17% in 2007. The highest value was 82.03% in 2023 and the lowest 72.68% in 2008.
- How does Montenegro rank?
- 9th highest of 24 economies with data for 2024.
- Is the latest change in ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate) unusual for Montenegro?
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SL.TLF.CACT.FM.NE.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Labour Force Statistics database (LFS), International Labour Organization (ILO), uri: https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/bulk/, publisher: ILOSTAT, type: estimates based on external database; Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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