Kazakhstan's mineral rents (% of GDP) was 9.1% in 2021, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 5.37 percentage points from 3.72% in 2011.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 9.1% | 2021 |
| Five years earlier | 2.72% | 2016 |
| Ten years earlier | 3.72% | 2011 |
| Highest | 9.1% | 2021 |
| Lowest | 0% | 1990 |
| Average since 2012 | 3.68% | 2012–2021 |
| First recorded | 0% | 1990 |
What the numbers say
In 2021, Kazakhstan's mineral rents (% of GDP) rose 4.4 percentage points on 2020 (from 4.7% to 9.1%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2020), the average change was +0.16 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.86 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 4.9 standard deviations above that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 4.4 percentage points in 2021 and the biggest yearly fall was 1.49 percentage points in 2008. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.43 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 40% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2021, Kazakhstan had the 15th highest value of the 197 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | 9.1% | 2021 |
| World | 0.77% | 2021 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 0.37% | 2021 |
| Upper middle income | 1.13% | 2021 |
Closest to Kazakhstan in the 2021 ranking
- Australia — 11th of 197: 10.47%
- Mauritania — 12th of 197: 9.59%
- Guyana — 13th of 197: 9.38%
- Uzbekistan — 15th of 197: 8.5%
- Tajikistan — 16th of 197: 7.09%
- Armenia — 17th of 197: 6.79%
What this measures
Mineral rents are the difference between the value of production for a stock of minerals at world prices and their total costs of production. Minerals included in the calculation are tin, gold, lead, zinc, iron, copper, nickel, silver, bauxite, and phosphate.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 32 values
| Year | Mineral rents (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 9.1 |
| 2020 | 4.7 |
| 2019 | 3 |
| 2018 | 3.37 |
| 2017 | 3.53 |
| 2016 | 2.72 |
| 2015 | 1.33 |
| 2014 | 2.48 |
| 2013 | 3.05 |
| 2012 | 3.49 |
| 2011 | 3.72 |
Mineral rents (% of GDP) in nearby economies
More environment data for Kazakhstan
- Population in largest city — 2.04 million (2025)
- Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 15.7% (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million — 3.39 million (2025)
- Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) — 16.29% (2025)
- Rural population — 7.84 million (2025)
- Rural population (% of total population) — 37.61% (2025)
- Urban population — 13 million (2025)
- Urban population (% of total population) — 62.39% (2025)
- Rural population growth (annual %) — 0.38% (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Kazakhstan's mineral rents (% of GDP)?
- 9.1% in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1990?
- It is up 9.1 percentage points from 0% in 1990. The highest value was 9.1% in 2021 and the lowest 0% in 1990.
- How does Kazakhstan rank?
- 15th highest of 197 economies with data for 2021.
- Is the latest change in mineral rents (% of GDP) unusual for Kazakhstan?
- In 2021, Kazakhstan's mineral rents (% of GDP) rose 4.4 percentage points on 2020 (from 4.7% to 9.1%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2020), the average change was +0.16 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.86 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 4.9 standard deviations above that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.GDP.MINR.RT.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: The Changing Wealth of Nations, World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/changing-wealth-of-nations/data, note: World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods described in the World Bank's The Changing Wealth of Nations., publisher: World Bank (WB); Staff estimates, Wo… Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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