Kazakhstan's external debt stocks (% of GNI) was 62.6% in 2024, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 18.03 percentage points from 80.63% in 2014.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 62.6% | 2024 |
| Five years earlier | 107.37% | 2019 |
| Ten years earlier | 80.63% | 2014 |
| Highest | 134.85% | 2016 |
| Lowest | 7.39% | 1993 |
| Average since 2015 | 97.62% | 2015–2024 |
| First recorded | 7.39% | 1993 |
What the numbers say
In 2024, Kazakhstan's external debt stocks (% of GNI) fell 10.3 percentage points on 2023 (from 72.9% to 62.6%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +2.18 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 14.36 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.9 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 44.47 percentage points in 2016 and the biggest yearly fall was 25.16 percentage points in 2017. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2015 to 2024 the straight-line trend is downward, about 4.92 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 51% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2024, Kazakhstan had the 32nd highest value of the 110 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | 62.6% | 2024 |
| Upper middle income | 21.3% | 2024 |
Closest to Kazakhstan in the 2024 ranking
- Gambia, The — 29th of 110: 66.36%
- Armenia — 30th of 110: 65.99%
- Lesotho — 31st of 110: 65.35%
- Serbia — 33rd of 110: 62.25%
- Uzbekistan — 34th of 110: 60.51%
- Nigeria — 35th of 110: 60.04%
What this measures
Total external debt stocks to gross national income. Total external debt is debt owed to nonresidents repayable in currency, goods, or services. Total external debt is the sum of public, publicly guaranteed, and private nonguaranteed long-term debt, use of IMF credit, and short-term debt. Short-term debt includes all debt having an original maturity of one year or less and interest in arrears on long-term debt. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 32 values
| Year | External debt stocks (% of GNI) |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 62.6 |
| 2023 | 72.9 |
| 2022 | 84.79 |
| 2021 | 100.27 |
| 2020 | 110.82 |
| 2019 | 107.37 |
| 2018 | 102.47 |
| 2017 | 109.69 |
| 2016 | 134.85 |
| 2015 | 90.38 |
| 2014 |
External debt stocks (% of GNI) in nearby economies
- Albania — 39.72% (2024)
- Armenia — 65.99% (2024)
- Azerbaijan — 17.04% (2024)
- Belarus — 46.15% (2024)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina — 49.16% (2024)
- Bulgaria — 55.14% (2022)
- Georgia — 79.68% (2024)
- Kosovo — 38.61% (2024)
- Kyrgyz Republic — 69.25% (2024)
- Moldova — 57.15% (2024)
- Montenegro — 108.64% (2024)
More economic policy & debt data for Kazakhstan
- Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) — 3.26% (2021)
- Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$11.25 billion (2021)
- Adjusted savings, energy depletion (current US$) — US$15.12 billion (2021)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$) — US$12.34 billion (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant LCU) — 906.89 billion (2025)
- Industry, including construction, value added (constant 2015 US$) — US$89.74 billion (2025)
- Industry, including construction, value added (constant LCU) — 6.82 trillion (2025)
- Services, value added (constant 2015 US$) — US$143.89 billion (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Kazakhstan's external debt stocks (% of GNI)?
- 62.6% in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1993?
- It is up 55.21 percentage points from 7.39% in 1993. The highest value was 134.85% in 2016 and the lowest 7.39% in 1993.
- How does Kazakhstan rank?
- 32nd highest of 110 economies with data for 2024.
- Is the latest change in external debt stocks (% of GNI) unusual for Kazakhstan?
- In 2024, Kazakhstan's external debt stocks (% of GNI) fell 10.3 percentage points on 2023 (from 72.9% to 62.6%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +2.18 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 14.36 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.9 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator DT.DOD.DECT.GN.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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