Kazakhstan's adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) was 3.26% in 2021, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 0.54 percentage points from 3.81% in 2011.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 3.26% | 2021 |
| Five years earlier | 3.17% | 2016 |
| Ten years earlier | 3.81% | 2011 |
| Highest | 4.41% | 1998 |
| Lowest | 2.27% | 2004 |
| Average since 2012 | 3.3% | 2012–2021 |
| First recorded | 4.1% | 1970 |
What the numbers say
In 2021, Kazakhstan's adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) did not change 0 percentage points on 2020 (from 3.26% to 3.26%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2020), the average change was −0.03 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.32 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.5 percentage points in 1997 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.73 percentage points in 2015. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is downward, about 0.08 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 33% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2021, Kazakhstan had the 130th highest value of the 199 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Kazakhstan in the 2021 ranking
- Niger — 127th of 199: 3.28%
- North Macedonia — 128th of 199: 3.27%
- Indonesia — 129th of 199: 3.27%
- Paraguay — 131st of 199: 3.22%
- Kuwait — 132nd of 199: 3.19%
- Timor-Leste — 133rd of 199: 3.19%
What this measures
Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.
Limitations: Public education expenditures are considered an addition to savings. However, because of the wide variability in the effectiveness of public education expenditures, these figures cannot be construed as the value of investments in human capital. A current expenditure of $1 on education does not necessarily yield $1 of human capital. The calculation should also consider private education expenditure, but data are not available for a large number of countries.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 52 values
| Year | Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 3.26 |
| 2020 | 3.26 |
| 2019 | 3.26 |
| 2018 | 2.85 |
| 2017 | 2.96 |
| 2016 | 3.17 |
| 2015 | 2.87 |
| 2014 | 3.61 |
| 2013 | 3.65 |
| 2012 | 4.14 |
| 2011 |
Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) in nearby economies
More economic policy & debt data for Kazakhstan
- Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$11.25 billion (2021)
- Adjusted savings, energy depletion (current US$) — US$15.12 billion (2021)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$) — US$12.34 billion (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant LCU) — 906.89 billion (2025)
- Industry, including construction, value added (constant 2015 US$) — US$89.74 billion (2025)
- Industry, including construction, value added (constant LCU) — 6.82 trillion (2025)
- Services, value added (constant 2015 US$) — US$143.89 billion (2025)
- Services, value added (constant LCU) — 10.05 trillion (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Kazakhstan's adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI)?
- 3.26% in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1970?
- It is down 0.84 percentage points from 4.1% in 1970. The highest value was 4.41% in 1998 and the lowest 2.27% in 2004.
- How does Kazakhstan rank?
- 130th highest of 199 economies with data for 2021.
- Is the latest change in adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) unusual for Kazakhstan?
- In 2021, Kazakhstan's adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) did not change 0 percentage points on 2020 (from 3.26% to 3.26%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1991 to 2020), the average change was −0.03 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.32 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.ADJ.AEDU.GN.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); Statistical Yearbook, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Statistics Division; Online database, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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