Japan's claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP) was 116.59% in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 15.55 percentage points from 132.15% in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 116.59% | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 150.16% | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 132.15% | 2015 |
| Highest | 150.16% | 2020 |
| Lowest | 1.11% | 1963 |
| Average since 2016 | 138.32% | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 3.65% | 1960 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Japan's claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP) fell 16.91 percentage points on 2024 (from 133.5% to 116.59%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +3.14 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 6.31 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 3.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 16.62 percentage points in 2009 and the biggest yearly fall was 16.91 percentage points in 2025. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 16% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, Japan had the 1st highest value of the 106 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Japan | 116.59% | 2025 |
| World | 39.8% | 2024 |
| East Asia & Pacific | 49.42% | 2024 |
| High income | 43.12% | 2024 |
Closest to Japan in the 2025 ranking
- Maldives — 2nd of 106: 57.43%
- South Sudan — 3rd of 106: 57.27%
- Brazil — 4th of 106: 55.83%
What this measures
Claims on central government include loans to central government institutions net of deposits. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 66 values
| Year | Claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 116.59 |
| 2024 | 133.5 |
| 2023 | 140.73 |
| 2022 | 142.37 |
| 2021 | 146.58 |
| 2020 | 150.16 |
| 2019 | 141.04 |
| 2018 | 137.52 |
| 2017 | 137.82 |
| 2016 | 136.89 |
| 2015 |
Claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP) in nearby economies
- Australia — 7.99% (2025)
- Brunei Darussalam — 33.27% (2025)
- Cambodia — -11.72% (2025)
- China — 45.99% (2024)
- Fiji — 43.37% (2025)
- Hong Kong SAR, China — -18.42% (2025)
- Indonesia — 12.29% (2025)
- Korea, Rep. — 3.37% (2024)
- Macao SAR, China — -79.46% (2025)
- Malaysia — 17.58% (2025)
More financial sector data for Japan
- Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP) — 114.38% (2025)
- Net domestic credit (current LCU) — 1,834.69 trillion (2025)
- Net foreign assets (current LCU) — 54.94 trillion (2025)
- Monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP) — 114.82% (2025)
- Broad money (current LCU) — 1,638.01 trillion (2025)
- Broad money (% of GDP) — 246.78% (2025)
- Broad money to total reserves ratio — 7.98 (2025)
- Consumer price index (2010 = 100) — 118.04 (2025)
- Inflation, consumer prices (annual % growth) — 3.17% (2025)
- GDP deflator (base year varies by country)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Japan's claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP)?
- 116.59% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1960?
- It is up 112.94 percentage points from 3.65% in 1960. The highest value was 150.16% in 2020 and the lowest 1.11% in 1963.
- How does Japan rank?
- 1st highest of 106 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP) unusual for Japan?
- In 2025, Japan's claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP) fell 16.91 percentage points on 2024 (from 133.5% to 116.59%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +3.14 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 6.31 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 3.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator FS.AST.CGOV.GD.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF); World Development Indicators Database, World Bank (WB); National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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