European Union's bound rate, simple mean, all products (%) was 4.39% in 2021, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 1.44 percentage points from 5.83% in 2011.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 4.39% | 2021 |
| Five years earlier | 4.39% | 2016 |
| Ten years earlier | 5.83% | 2011 |
| Highest | 6.32% | 2001 |
| Lowest | 4.09% | 1995 |
| Average since 2012 | 4.86% | 2012–2021 |
| First recorded | 4.09% | 1995 |
What the numbers say
In 2021, European Union's bound rate, simple mean, all products (%) did not change 0 percentage points on 2020 (from 4.39% to 4.39%).
Across the 25 yearly changes before that (1996 to 2020), the average change was +0.01 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.53 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.0 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 2.07 percentage points in 1996 and the biggest yearly fall was 1.51 percentage points in 2015. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is downward, about 0.2 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 64% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
What this measures
Simple mean bound rate is the unweighted average of all the lines in the tariff schedule in which bound rates have been set. Bound rates result from trade negotiations incorporated into a country's schedule of concessions and are thus enforceable.
All 27 values
| Year | Bound rate, simple mean, all products (%) |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 4.39 |
| 2020 | 4.39 |
| 2019 | 4.39 |
| 2018 | 4.39 |
| 2017 | 4.39 |
| 2016 | 4.39 |
| 2015 | 4.39 |
| 2014 | 5.9 |
| 2013 | 5.92 |
| 2012 | 6.02 |
| 2011 |
Bound rate, simple mean, all products (%) in nearby economies
More trade data for European Union
- Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, manufactured products (%) — 1.44% (2022)
- Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, manufactured products (%) — 4.03% (2022)
- Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, manufactured products (%) — 1.64% (2022)
- Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, manufactured products (%) — 3.24% (2022)
- Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products (%) — 1.95% (2022)
- Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products (%) — 5.24% (2022)
- Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%) — 1.33% (2022)
- Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, all products (%)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is European Union's bound rate, simple mean, all products (%)?
- 4.39% in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1995?
- It is up 0.3 percentage points from 4.09% in 1995. The highest value was 6.32% in 2001 and the lowest 4.09% in 1995.
- Is the latest change in bound rate, simple mean, all products (%) unusual for European Union?
- In 2021, European Union's bound rate, simple mean, all products (%) did not change 0 percentage points on 2020 (from 4.39% to 4.39%). Across the 25 yearly changes before that (1996 to 2020), the average change was +0.01 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.53 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.0 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
- Where does this data come from?
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator TM.TAX.MRCH.BR.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); World Integrated Trade Solution system (WITS), World Bank (WB); World Trade Organization (WTO) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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