Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)'s trade (% of GDP) was 61.22% in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 0.46 percentage points from 61.68% in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 61.22% | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 65.27% | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 61.68% | 2015 |
| Highest | 82.2% | 2022 |
| Lowest | 39.31% | 1991 |
| Average since 2016 | 68.99% | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 40.72% | 1990 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)'s trade (% of GDP) fell 3.56 percentage points on 2024 (from 64.78% to 61.22%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.1 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 4.83 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.8 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 22.37 percentage points in 1992 and the biggest yearly fall was 9.9 percentage points in 2023. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 1% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
See how every economy compares in the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income) | 61.22% | 2025 |
| World | 68.49% | 2025 |
What this measures
Trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 36 values
| Year | Trade (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 61.22 |
| 2024 | 64.78 |
| 2023 | 72.3 |
| 2022 | 82.2 |
| 2021 | 73.2 |
| 2020 | 65.27 |
| 2019 | 71.03 |
| 2018 | 72.07 |
| 2017 | 66.34 |
| 2016 | 61.46 |
| 2015 | 61.68 |
Trade (% of GDP) in nearby economies
More economic policy & debt data for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Austria (current US$) — US$197.79 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Belgium (current US$) — US$85.62 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Canada (current US$) — US$2.03 billion (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, European Union institutions (current US$) — US$23.3 billion (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Switzerland (current US$) — US$419.07 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Germany (current US$) — US$1.28 billion (2023)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)'s trade (% of GDP)?
- 61.22% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1990?
- It is up 20.5 percentage points from 40.72% in 1990. The highest value was 82.2% in 2022 and the lowest 39.31% in 1991.
- Is the latest change in trade (% of GDP) unusual for Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)?
- In 2025, Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income)'s trade (% of GDP) fell 3.56 percentage points on 2024 (from 64.78% to 61.22%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.1 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 4.83 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.8 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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