Central Europe and the Baltics: Armed forces personnel, total

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2020, Central Europe and the Baltics' armed forces personnel, total rose 3.3% on 2019 (from 508,000 to 525,000).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1990 to 2019), the average change was −1.1% and a typical year strayed about 9.7% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.5 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 35.8% in 1995 and the biggest yearly fall was 18.9% in 1990. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2011 to 2020 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 15% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces.

Limitations: Data excludes personnel not on active duty, therefore it underestimates the share of the labor force working for the defense establishment. The cooperation of governments of all countries listed in “The Military Balance” has been sought by IISS and, in many cases, received. However, some data in “The Military Balance” is estimated.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 33 values

Armed forces personnel, total in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 165,000 (2020)
• Algeria — 326,000 (2020)
• Bahrain — 19,000 (2020)
• Djibouti — 13,000 (2020)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — 836,000 (2020)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — 650,000 (2020)
• Iraq — 459,000 (2020)
• Israel — 178,000 (2020)
• Jordan — 116,000 (2020)
• Kuwait — 25,000 (2020)
• Lebanon — 80,000 (2020)

More public sector data for Central Europe and the Baltics

• Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values) — 4.37 billion (2025)
• Military expenditure (% of GDP) — 3.04% (2025)
• Arms exports (SIPRI trend indicator values) — 338 million (2025)
• Military expenditure (current USD) — 83.83 billion (2025)
• Social contributions (% of revenue) — 34.1% (2024)
• Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue) — 33.51% (2024)
• Other taxes (% of revenue) — 0.09% (2024)
• Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue) — 18.66% (2024)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Central Europe and the Baltics's armed forces personnel, total?

525,000 in 2020, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1985?

It is down 31.19% from 763,000 in 1985 (1.06% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 1.14 million in 1995 and the lowest 465,900 in 2011.

Is the latest change in armed forces personnel, total unusual for Central Europe and the Baltics?

In 2020, Central Europe and the Baltics' armed forces personnel, total rose 3.3% on 2019 (from 508,000 to 525,000). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1990 to 2019), the average change was −1.1% and a typical year strayed about 9.7% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.5 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Where does this data come from?

The World Bank's World Development Indicators, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: The Military Balance, International Institute for Strategic Studies.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator MS.MIL.TOTL.P1, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: The Military Balance, International Institute for Strategic Studies Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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