Upper middle income's trade (% of GDP) was 48.9% in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 2.26 percentage points from 46.63% in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 48.9% | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | 44.11% | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 46.63% | 2015 |
| Highest | 62.72% | 2006 |
| Lowest | 12.53% | 1962 |
| Average since 2016 | 47.75% | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | 14.6% | 1960 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Upper middle income's trade (% of GDP) fell 0.36 percentage points on 2024 (from 49.26% to 48.9%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.3 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 3.21 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 5.29 percentage points in 2000 and the biggest yearly fall was 10.18 percentage points in 2009. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.51 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 40% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
See how every economy compares in the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Upper middle income | 48.9% | 2025 |
| World | 68.49% | 2025 |
What this measures
Trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 66 values
| Year | Trade (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 48.9 |
| 2024 | 49.26 |
| 2023 | 48.6 |
| 2022 | 52.27 |
| 2021 | 49.16 |
| 2020 | 44.11 |
| 2019 | 46.23 |
| 2018 | 48.01 |
| 2017 | 46.16 |
| 2016 | 44.84 |
| 2015 | 46.63 |
Trade (% of GDP) in nearby economies
More economic policy & debt data for Upper middle income
- Charges for the use of intellectual property, payments (BoP, current US$) — US$95.94 billion (2025)
- Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$) — US$27.9 billion (2025)
- Exports of goods and services (current US$) — US$8.68 trillion (2025)
- Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) — 25.88% (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current US$) — US$7.97 trillion (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) — 23.76% (2025)
- External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) — 2.12% (2025)
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$) — US$2.31 trillion (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Upper middle income's trade (% of GDP)?
- 48.9% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1960?
- It is up 34.3 percentage points from 14.6% in 1960. The highest value was 62.72% in 2006 and the lowest 12.53% in 1962.
- Is the latest change in trade (% of GDP) unusual for Upper middle income?
- In 2025, Upper middle income's trade (% of GDP) fell 0.36 percentage points on 2024 (from 49.26% to 48.9%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.3 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 3.21 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
- Where does this data come from?
- The World Bank's World Development Indicators, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB).
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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