Upper middle income: Monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2024, Upper middle income's monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP) rose 2.22 percentage points on 2023 (from 134.63% to 136.85%).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +2.58 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 4.77 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 16.95 percentage points in 2020 and the biggest yearly fall was 20.15 percentage points in 1990. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2015 to 2024 the straight-line trend is upward, about 4.1 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 89% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 60 values

Monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 3.1% (2020)
• Algeria — 19.59% (2025)
• Bahrain — 70.55% (2015)
• Djibouti — 25.16% (2025)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — 25.84% (2025)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — 57.83% (2016)
• Iraq — 13.99% (2024)
• Israel — 72.47% (2025)
• Jordan — 71.31% (2025)
• Kuwait

More financial sector data for Upper middle income

• Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP) — 136.85% (2024)
• Broad money (% of GDP) — 167.85% (2024)
• Claims on central government, etc. (% of GDP) — 37.82% (2024)
• Inflation, GDP deflator (annual % growth) — 3.31% (2025)
• Inflation, consumer prices (annual % growth) — 3.26% (2025)
• Stocks traded, turnover ratio of domestic shares (%) — 224.59% (2024)
• Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) — 138.98% (2024)
• Listed domestic companies, total — 17,522 (2025)
• Stocks traded, total value (current US$)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Upper middle income's monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP)?

136.85% in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1965?

It is up 119.62 percentage points from 17.23% in 1965. The highest value was 136.85% in 2024 and the lowest 17.23% in 1965.

Is the latest change in monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP) unusual for Upper middle income?

In 2024, Upper middle income's monetary sector credit to private sector (% of GDP) rose 2.22 percentage points on 2023 (from 134.63% to 136.85%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +2.58 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 4.77 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator FM.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF); World Development Indicators Database, World Bank (WB); National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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