Türkiye: Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, Türkiye's subsidies and other transfers (% of expense) rose 3.13 percentage points on 2022 (from 38.86% to 41.98%).

Across the 15 yearly changes before that (1998 to 2022), the average change was −1.14 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 3.23 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 3.81 percentage points in 2020 and the biggest yearly fall was 9.4 percentage points in 2022. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 the straight-line trend is downward, about 0.84 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 46% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2023, Türkiye had the 43rd highest value of the 79 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Türkiye in the 2023 ranking

• Malaysia — 40th of 79: 43.61%
• Côte d'Ivoire — 41st of 79: 43.56%
• Israel — 42nd of 79: 42.37%
• Armenia — 44th of 79: 40.79%
• Thailand — 45th of 79: 40.51%
• San Marino — 46th of 79: 40.3%

What this measures

Subsidies are current unrequited payments that government units, including nonresident government units, make to enterprises on the basis of the levels of their production activities or the quantities or values of the goods or services that they produce, sell, export or import. This indicator is expressed as percentage of total expenses which is any decrease in net worth resulting from a transaction.

Limitations: For most countries central government finance data have been consolidated into one account, but for others only budgetary central government accounts are available. Countries reporting budgetary data are noted in the country metadata. Because budgetary accounts may not include all central government units (such as social security funds), they usually provide an incomplete picture. In federal states the central government accounts provide an incomplete view of total public finance. Data on government revenue and expense are collected by the IMF through questionnaires to member countries and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a median.

All 18 values

Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense) in nearby economies

• Albania — 58.82% (2023)
• Armenia — 40.79% (2023)
• Austria — 73.95% (2023)
• Azerbaijan — 38% (2022)
• Belarus — 63.79% (2023)
• Belgium — 53.1% (2022)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina — 49.36% (2023)
• Bulgaria — 48.15% (2023)
• Croatia — 59.39% (2023)
• Cyprus — 47.89% (2023)

More public sector data for Türkiye

• Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values) — 381 million (2025)
• Military expenditure (current USD) — 29.99 billion (2025)
• Military expenditure (current LCU) — 1.19 trillion (2025)
• Military expenditure (% of GDP) — 1.91% (2025)
• Net investment in nonfinancial assets (current LCU) — 1.14 trillion (2024)
• Net investment in nonfinancial assets (% of GDP) — 2.55% (2024)
• Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (current LCU) — -1.41 trillion (2024)
• Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP) — -3.16% (2024)
• Grants and other revenue (current LCU) — 3.02 trillion (2024)
• Grants and other revenue (% of revenue)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Türkiye's subsidies and other transfers (% of expense)?

41.98% in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1997?

It is up 10.63 percentage points from 31.35% in 1997. The highest value was 52.14% in 2009 and the lowest 25.78% in 1998.

How does Türkiye rank?

43rd highest of 79 economies with data for 2023.

Is the latest change in subsidies and other transfers (% of expense) unusual for Türkiye?

In 2023, Türkiye's subsidies and other transfers (% of expense) rose 3.13 percentage points on 2022 (from 38.86% to 41.98%). Across the 15 yearly changes before that (1998 to 2022), the average change was −1.14 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 3.23 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator GC.XPN.TRFT.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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