Romania: Total reserves, including gold (current US$)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, Romania's total reserves, including gold (current US$) rose 23.5% on 2024 (from US$73.39 billion to US$90.65 billion).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +13.6% and a typical year strayed about 23.9% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 106.2% in 1979 and the biggest yearly fall was 49.7% in 1990. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about US$5.18 billion a year. A straight line explains 85% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2025, Romania had the 31st highest value of the 131 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Romania in the 2025 ranking

• Philippines — 27th of 131: US$110.93 billion
• Libya — 28th of 131: US$104.66 billion
• Iraq — 29th of 131: US$98.45 billion
• Peru — 31st of 131: US$90.39 billion
• Viet Nam — 32nd of 131: US$85.58 billion
• Norway — 33rd of 131: US$85.49 billion

What this measures

Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

Limitations: Discrepancies may arise in the balance of payments because there is no single source for balance of payments data and therefore no way to ensure that the data are fully consistent. Sources include customs data, monetary accounts of the banking system, external debt records, information provided by enterprises, surveys to estimate service transactions, and foreign exchange records. Differences in collection methods - such as in timing, definitions of residence and ownership, and the exchange rate used to value transactions - contribute to net errors and omissions. In addition, smuggling and other illegal or quasi-legal transactions may be unrecorded or misrecorded.

All 53 values

Total reserves, including gold (current US$) in nearby economies

• Albania — US$8.6 billion (2025)
• Armenia — US$5.09 billion (2025)
• Austria — US$53.44 billion (2025)
• Azerbaijan — US$13.56 billion (2025)
• Belarus — US$14.52 billion (2025)
• Belgium — US$56.39 billion (2025)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina — US$9.42 billion (2024)
• Bulgaria — US$47.15 billion (2025)
• Croatia — US$4.22 billion (2025)
• Cyprus — US$2.95 billion (2025)

More economic policy & debt data for Romania

• Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP) — 49.14% (2025)
• Imports of goods and services (current US$, BoP) — US$174.97 billion (2025)
• Insurance and financial services (% of service imports, BoP) — 4.31% (2025)
• Goods imports (current US$, BoP) — US$139.06 billion (2025)
• Service imports (current US$, BoP) — US$35.91 billion (2025)
• Transport services (% of service imports, BoP) — 15.65% (2025)
• Travel services (% of service imports, BoP) — 30.2% (2025)
• Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$) — US$803.14 million (2025)
• Current account balance (current US$, BoP) — −US$33.88 billion (2025)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Romania's total reserves, including gold (current US$)?

US$90.65 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1973?

It is up 19,164% from US$470.56 million in 1973 (10.65% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$90.65 billion in 2025 and the lowest US$470.56 million in 1973.

How does Romania rank?

31st highest of 131 economies with data for 2025.

Is the latest change in total reserves, including gold (current US$) unusual for Romania?

In 2025, Romania's total reserves, including gold (current US$) rose 23.5% on 2024 (from US$73.39 billion to US$90.65 billion). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +13.6% and a typical year strayed about 23.9% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator FI.RES.TOTL.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Financial Statistics database, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

Want to ask your own questions of data like this? Try AnalyzeIt: upload a file or ask about public data in plain words, and every figure comes with its working.