Romania's gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth) was 3.44% in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 3.02 percentage points from 6.45% in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 3.44% | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | -0.47% | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | 6.45% | 2015 |
| Highest | 51% | 2007 |
| Lowest | -33.94% | 2009 |
| Average since 2016 | 3.86% | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | -31.62% | 1991 |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Romania's gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth) rose 5.98 percentage points on 2024 (from -2.54% to 3.44%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was −0.78 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 15.92 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 42.58 percentage points in 1992 and the biggest yearly fall was 51.79 percentage points in 2009. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 2% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, Romania had the 73rd highest value of the 123 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Romania | 3.44% | 2025 |
| World | 2.2% | 2024 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 2.98% | 2025 |
| High income | 1.41% | 2024 |
Closest to Romania in the 2025 ranking
What this measures
Gross fixed capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during the accounting period, including certain specified expenditures on services that add to the value of non-produced assets. This indicator denotes the percentage change over each previous year of the constant price (base year 2015) series in United States dollars.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
All 35 values
| Year | Gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 3.44 |
| 2024 | -2.54 |
| 2023 | 12.3 |
| 2022 | 5.44 |
| 2021 | 4.03 |
| 2020 | -0.4715 |
| 2019 | 14.93 |
| 2018 | -1.83 |
| 2017 | 5.69 |
| 2016 | -2.42 |
| 2015 |
Gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth) in nearby economies
More economic policy & debt data for Romania
- Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP) — 49.14% (2025)
- Imports of goods and services (current US$, BoP) — US$174.97 billion (2025)
- Insurance and financial services (% of service imports, BoP) — 4.31% (2025)
- Goods imports (current US$, BoP) — US$139.06 billion (2025)
- Service imports (current US$, BoP) — US$35.91 billion (2025)
- Transport services (% of service imports, BoP) — 15.65% (2025)
- Travel services (% of service imports, BoP) — 30.2% (2025)
- Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$) — US$803.14 million (2025)
- Current account balance (current US$, BoP) — −US$33.88 billion (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Romania's gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth)?
- 3.44% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1991?
- It is up 35.05 percentage points from -31.62% in 1991. The highest value was 51% in 2007 and the lowest -33.94% in 2009.
- How does Romania rank?
- 73rd highest of 123 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth) unusual for Romania?
- In 2025, Romania's gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth) rose 5.98 percentage points on 2024 (from -2.54% to 3.44%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was −0.78 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 15.92 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.GDI.FTOT.KD.ZG, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Offices (NSOs); National Accounts data files, Central Banks; Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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