Poland: Gross fixed capital formation, private sector (% of GDP)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2024, Poland's gross fixed capital formation, private sector (% of GDP) fell 0.58 percentage points on 2023 (from 12.79% to 12.21%).

Across the 28 yearly changes before that (1996 to 2023), the average change was −0.08 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 1.31 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 2.3 percentage points in 1997 and the biggest yearly fall was 3.17 percentage points in 2001. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2015 to 2024 the straight-line trend is downward, about 0.35 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 81% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2024, Poland had the 10th highest value of the 13 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Poland in the 2024 ranking

• Djibouti — 6th of 13: 19.18%
• North Macedonia — 7th of 13: 19.11%
• Turkmenistan — 8th of 13: 16.33%
• Angola — 10th of 13: 7.3%
• Timor-Leste — 11th of 13: 7.13%
• Zimbabwe — 12th of 13: 4.53%

What this measures

Private investment covers outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit agencies) on additions to its fixed domestic assets. Gross fixed capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during the accounting period, including certain specified expenditures on services that add to the value of non-produced assets. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 30 values

Gross fixed capital formation, private sector (% of GDP) in nearby economies

• Croatia — 19.72% (2025)
• Kosovo — 24.53% (2024)
• North Macedonia — 19.11% (2024)
• Romania — 19.42% (2024)
• Russian Federation — 16.28% (2021)
• Turkmenistan — 16.33% (2024)

More economic policy & debt data for Poland

• Machinery and transport equipment (% of value added in manufacturing) — 21.83% (2023)
• Other manufacturing (% of value added in manufacturing) — 51.56% (2023)
• Textiles and clothing (% of value added in manufacturing) — 2.17% (2023)
• Food, beverages and tobacco (% of value added in manufacturing) — 18.5% (2023)
• Chemicals (% of value added in manufacturing) — 5.95% (2023)
• Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) — 4.53% (2021)
• Adjusted savings, net forest depletion (current US$) — US$0 (2021)
• Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$1.13 billion (2021)
• Adjusted savings, energy depletion (current US$)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Poland's gross fixed capital formation, private sector (% of GDP)?

12.21% in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1995?

It is down 2.72 percentage points from 14.93% in 1995. The highest value was 21.31% in 1999 and the lowest 12.21% in 2024.

How does Poland rank?

10th highest of 13 economies with data for 2024.

Is the latest change in gross fixed capital formation, private sector (% of GDP) unusual for Poland?

In 2024, Poland's gross fixed capital formation, private sector (% of GDP) fell 0.58 percentage points on 2023 (from 12.79% to 12.21%). Across the 28 yearly changes before that (1996 to 2023), the average change was −0.08 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 1.31 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.4 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.GDI.FPRV.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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