Poland: Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, Poland's gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) fell 0.01 percentage points on 2024 (from 17.04% to 17.03%).

Across the 29 yearly changes before that (1996 to 2024), the average change was −0.02 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 1.44 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 2.67 percentage points in 1997 and the biggest yearly fall was 3.25 percentage points in 2001. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is downward, about 0.17 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 35% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2025, Poland had the 100th highest value of the 126 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Poland in the 2025 ranking

• Seychelles — 97th of 126: 18.71%
• Kenya — 98th of 126: 17.92%
• Malta — 99th of 126: 17.79%
• Hong Kong SAR, China — 101st of 126: 16.94%
• Greece — 102nd of 126: 16.88%
• Brazil — 103rd of 126: 16.84%

What this measures

Gross fixed capital formation includes acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during the accounting period, including certain specified expenditures on services that add to the value of non-produced assets. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 31 values

Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) in nearby economies

• Albania — 24.27% (2025)
• Armenia — 21.42% (2025)
• Austria — 23.53% (2025)
• Azerbaijan — 16.29% (2025)
• Belarus — 25.08% (2025)
• Belgium — 23.89% (2025)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina — 24.37% (2024)
• Bulgaria — 20.13% (2025)
• Croatia — 25.73% (2025)
• Cyprus — 20.03% (2025)

More economic policy & debt data for Poland

• Machinery and transport equipment (% of value added in manufacturing) — 21.83% (2023)
• Other manufacturing (% of value added in manufacturing) — 51.56% (2023)
• Textiles and clothing (% of value added in manufacturing) — 2.17% (2023)
• Food, beverages and tobacco (% of value added in manufacturing) — 18.5% (2023)
• Chemicals (% of value added in manufacturing) — 5.95% (2023)
• Adjusted savings, education expenditure (% of GNI) — 4.53% (2021)
• Adjusted savings, net forest depletion (current US$) — US$0 (2021)
• Adjusted savings, mineral depletion (current US$) — US$1.13 billion (2021)
• Adjusted savings, energy depletion (current US$)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Poland's gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)?

17.03% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1995?

It is down 0.6 percentage points from 17.63% in 1995. The highest value was 24.32% in 1999 and the lowest 16.44% in 2022.

How does Poland rank?

100th highest of 126 economies with data for 2025.

Is the latest change in gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) unusual for Poland?

In 2025, Poland's gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) fell 0.01 percentage points on 2024 (from 17.04% to 17.03%). Across the 29 yearly changes before that (1996 to 2024), the average change was −0.02 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 1.44 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.0 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.GDI.FTOT.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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