Peru: Benefit incidence of social protection and labor programs to poorest quintile (% of total SPL benefits)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2022, Peru's benefit incidence of social protection and labor programs to poorest quintile (% of total SPL benefits) rose 1.7 percentage points on 2021 (from 10.95% to 12.65%).

Across the 13 yearly changes before that (2009 to 2021), the average change was +0.5 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 1.13 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.1 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 3.78 percentage points in 2015 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.58 percentage points in 2016. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2013 to 2022 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.69 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 81% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about 13.96% for 2025. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2020 to 2022 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 0.69%, against 2.71% for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

How it compares

In 2022, Peru had the 3rd highest value of the 10 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Peru in the 2022 ranking

• Armenia — 1st of 10: 16.29%
• El Salvador — 2nd of 10: 14.12%
• Argentina — 4th of 10: 8.3%
• Paraguay — 5th of 10: 8.02%
• Ecuador — 6th of 10: 6.73%

What this measures

Benefit incidence of social protection and labor programs (SPL) to poorest quintile shows the percentage of total social protection and labor programs benefits received by the poorest 20% of the population. Social protection and labor programs include social insurance, social safety nets, and unemployment benefits and active labor market programs. Estimates include both direct and indirect beneficiaries.

Limitations: When interpreting ASPIRE performance indicators based on household surveys, it is important to note that the extent to which information on specific transfers and programs is captured in the household surveys can vary a lot across countries. Moreover, household surveys do not capture the universe of social protection programs in the country, in best practice cases just the largest programs. As a consequence, ASPIRE indicators are not fully comparable across program categories and countries; however, they provide approximate measures of social protection systems performance.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 15 values

Benefit incidence of social protection and labor programs to poorest quintile (% of total SPL benefits) in nearby economies

• Argentina — 8.3% (2022)
• Bolivia — 9.77% (2021)
• Brazil — 6.24% (2022)
• Colombia — 0.41% (2022)
• Costa Rica — 5.75% (2022)
• Dominican Republic — 11.69% (2021)
• Ecuador — 6.73% (2022)

More social protection & labor data for Peru

• Net migration — 11,931 (2025)
• Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate) — 4.32% (2025)
• Refugees under the mandate of the UNHCR by country or territory of asylum — 6,788 (2025)
• Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (national estimate) — 71.71% (2025)
• Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (national estimate) — 63.71% (2025)
• Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate) — 79.63% (2025)
• Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (national estimate) — 80.01% (2025)
• Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Peru's benefit incidence of social protection and labor programs to poorest quintile (% of total SPL benefits)?

12.65% in 2022, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator per_allsp.ben_q1_tot, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: ASPIRE: The Atlas of Social Protection - Indicators of Resilience and Equity, World Bank (WB), uri: datatopics.worldbank.org/aspire/, note: Data are based on national representative household surveys. Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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