Infrastructure · Norway
Yearly data from 1997 to 2023, from the World Bank.
Norway's research and development expenditure (% of GDP) was 1.85% in 2023, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 0.21 percentage points from 1.64% in 2013.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 1.85% | 2023 |
| Five years earlier | 2.03% | 2018 |
| Ten years earlier | 1.64% | 2013 |
| Highest | 2.24% | 2020 |
| Lowest | 1.45% | 2006 |
| Average since 2014 | 1.94% | 2014–2023 |
| First recorded | 1.59% | 1997 |
Over five years it is down 0.18 percentage points from 2.03% in 2018. Since 1997 it is up 0.26 percentage points from 1.59% in 1997. The World Bank has no value for 2 of the years in between; the chart leaves those gaps open rather than joining across them.
In 2023, Norway's research and development expenditure (% of GDP) rose 0.3 percentage points on 2022 (from 1.55% to 1.85%).
Across the 21 yearly changes before that (2002 to 2022), the average change was −0 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.14 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.1 standard deviations above that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.3 percentage points in 2023 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.36 percentage points in 2021. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2014 to 2023 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 2% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
In 2023, Norway had the 18th highest value of the 50 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Norway | 1.85% | 2023 |
| World | 2.6% | 2023 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 2.14% | 2023 |
| High income | 2.88% | 2023 |
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Limitations: Estimates of the resources allocated to R&D are affected by national characteristics such as the periodicity and coverage of national R&D surveys across institutional sectors and industries; and the use of different sampling and estimation methods. R&D typically involves a few large performers, hence R&D surveys use various techniques to maintain up-to-date registers of known performers, while attempting to identify new or occasional performers. R&D totals from SNA accounts may differ from these estimates, due in part to the different treatments of software R&D in the totals.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.
| Year | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) |
|---|---|
| 2023 | 1.85 |
| 2022 | 1.55 |
| 2021 | 1.89 |
| 2020 | 2.24 |
| 2019 | 2.14 |
| 2018 | 2.03 |
| 2017 | 2.08 |
| 2016 | 2.03 |
| 2015 | 1.92 |
| 2014 | 1.7 |
| 2013 | 1.64 |
| 2012 | 1.61 |
| 2011 | 1.62 |
| 2010 | 1.64 |
| 2009 | 1.72 |
| 2008 | 1.55 |
| 2007 | 1.56 |
| 2006 | 1.45 |
| 2005 | 1.48 |
| 2004 | 1.54 |
| 2003 | 1.68 |
| 2002 | 1.63 |
| 2001 | 1.56 |
| 2000 | no data |
| 1999 | 1.6 |
| 1998 | no data |
| 1997 | 1.59 |
Every indicator for Norway is on the Norway data page.
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02 Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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