Nepal: Gross national expenditure (% of GDP)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2025, Nepal's gross national expenditure (% of GDP) rose 0.6 percentage points on 2024 (from 121.91% to 122.51%).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.32 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.74 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 4.58 percentage points in 2010 and the biggest yearly fall was 7.13 percentage points in 2023. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 2% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

In 2025, Nepal had the 12th highest value of the 130 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Nepal in the 2025 ranking

• Ukraine — 8th of 130: 126.51%
• Montenegro — 9th of 130: 125.65%
• El Salvador — 10th of 130: 124.07%
• Comoros — 12th of 130: 122.29%
• Honduras — 13th of 130: 121.52%
• Samoa — 14th of 130: 121.39%

What this measures

Gross national expenditure is the sum of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, and gross capital formation. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

All 51 values

Gross national expenditure (% of GDP) in nearby economies

• Bangladesh — 106.56% (2025)
• Bhutan — 116.37% (2024)
• India — 102.04% (2025)
• Maldives — 100.05% (2024)
• Sri Lanka — 103.87% (2025)

More economic policy & debt data for Nepal

• Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$21.1 billion (2025)
• Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$19.98 billion (2025)
• Services, value added (current US$) — US$24.73 billion (2025)
• Services, value added (current LCU) — 3.37 trillion (2025)
• Services, value added (% of GDP) — 54.37% (2025)
• Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices (current US$) — US$40.02 billion (2025)
• Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices (current LCU) — 5.45 trillion (2025)
• GDP (current US$) — US$45.49 billion (2025)
• GDP (current LCU) — 6.2 trillion (2025)
• GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$36.54 billion (2025)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Nepal's gross national expenditure (% of GDP)?

122.51% in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1975?

It is up 18.05 percentage points from 104.47% in 1975. The highest value was 131.06% in 2022 and the lowest 102.53% in 1977.

How does Nepal rank?

12th highest of 130 economies with data for 2025.

Is the latest change in gross national expenditure (% of GDP) unusual for Nepal?

In 2025, Nepal's gross national expenditure (% of GDP) rose 0.6 percentage points on 2024 (from 121.91% to 122.51%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +0.32 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 2.74 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.DAB.TOTL.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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