Myanmar: Reserves and related items (current US$, BoP)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2019, Myanmar's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) fell US$304.9 million on 2018 (from US$433.81 million to US$128.9 million).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1989 to 2018), the average change was +US$11.78 million and a typical year strayed about US$1.42 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was US$5.65 billion in 2012 and the biggest yearly fall was US$4.3 billion in 2013. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2010 to 2019 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 19% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

What this measures

Reserves and related items is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency.Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.

All 44 values

Reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) in nearby economies

• Australia — US$3.35 billion (2025)
• Brunei Darussalam — US$339.3 million (2025)
• Cambodia — US$1.45 billion (2025)
• China — −US$49.94 billion (2025)
• Fiji — US$143.99 million (2024)
• Hong Kong SAR, China — −US$8.94 billion (2025)
• Indonesia — −US$7.85 billion (2025)
• Japan — US$37.05 billion (2025)
• Kiribati — −US$51.71 million (2025)
• Korea, Rep.

More economic policy & debt data for Myanmar

• GDP (current US$) — US$81.67 billion (2025)
• GDP (current LCU) — 171.5 trillion (2025)
• GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$61.87 billion (2025)
• GDP (constant LCU) — 75.47 trillion (2025)
• GDP per capita (current US$) — US$1,489 (2025)
• GDP per capita (current LCU) — 3.13 million (2025)
• GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) — US$1,128 (2025)
• GDP per capita (constant LCU) — 1.38 million (2025)
• GNI (current US$) — US$79.99 billion (2025)
• GNI (current LCU) — 167.97 trillion (2025)
• GNI per capita (current LCU) — 3.06 million (2025)

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Questions people ask

What is Myanmar's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP)?

US$128.9 million in 2019, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1976?

It is up 938.97% from −US$15.36 million in 1976. The highest value was US$6.92 billion in 2012 and the lowest −US$129.4 million in 1982.

Is the latest change in reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) unusual for Myanmar?

In 2019, Myanmar's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) fell US$304.9 million on 2018 (from US$433.81 million to US$128.9 million). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1989 to 2018), the average change was +US$11.78 million and a typical year strayed about US$1.42 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Where does this data come from?

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator BN.RES.INCL.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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