Australia's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) was US$3.35 billion in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 242.78% from −US$2.35 billion in 2015.
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | US$3.35 billion | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | −US$16.75 billion | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | −US$2.35 billion | 2015 |
| Highest | US$14.24 billion | 2021 |
| Lowest | −US$35.15 billion | 2007 |
| Average since 2016 | US$1.5 billion | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | US$600.66 million |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Australia's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) rose US$3.73 billion on 2024 (from −US$384.83 million to US$3.35 billion).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +US$19.17 million and a typical year strayed about US$14.67 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was US$38.84 billion in 2008 and the biggest yearly fall was US$44.87 billion in 2007. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains less than 1% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
How it compares
In 2025, Australia had the 27th highest value of the 134 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.
Closest to Australia in the 2025 ranking
What this measures
Reserves and related items is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency.Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
All 37 values
| Year | Reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 3,349,398,179 |
| 2024 | -384,834,813 |
| 2023 | 4,846,289,028 |
| 2022 | 1,122,181,261 |
| 2021 | 14,235,801,472 |
| 2020 | -16,749,745,109 |
| 2019 | 3,025,659,846 |
| 2018 | -11,082,782,427 |
| 2017 | 8,735,418,216 |
| 2016 | 7,854,443,321 |
Reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) in nearby economies
- Brunei Darussalam — US$339.3 million (2025)
- Cambodia — US$1.45 billion (2025)
- China — −US$49.94 billion (2025)
- Fiji — US$143.99 million (2024)
- Hong Kong SAR, China — −US$8.94 billion (2025)
- Indonesia — −US$7.85 billion (2025)
- Japan — US$37.05 billion (2025)
- Kiribati — −US$51.71 million (2025)
- Korea, Rep. — −US$4.53 billion (2025)
- Lao PDR
More economic policy & debt data for Australia
- Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$) — US$18.94 billion (2025)
- Total reserves, including gold (current US$) — US$72.63 billion (2025)
- Total reserves, excluding gold (current US$) — US$62.12 billion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$416.34 billion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU) — 643.28 billion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$418.83 billion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (constant LCU) — 622.17 billion (2025)
- General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 23.15% (2025)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Australia's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP)?
- US$3.35 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 1989?
- It is up 457.62% from US$600.66 million in 1989 (4.89% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$14.24 billion in 2021 and the lowest −US$35.15 billion in 2007.
- How does Australia rank?
- 27th highest of 134 economies with data for 2025.
- Is the latest change in reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) unusual for Australia?
- In 2025, Australia's reserves and related items (current US$, BoP) rose US$3.73 billion on 2024 (from −US$384.83 million to US$3.35 billion). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2024), the average change was +US$19.17 million and a typical year strayed about US$14.67 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.3 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator BN.RES.INCL.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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