Middle income: Net financial flows, RDB concessional (NFL, current US$)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2024, Middle income's net financial flows, RDB concessional (NFL, current US$) rose 68.8% on 2023 (from US$849.25 million to US$1.43 billion).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +4.5% and a typical year strayed about 41.4% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.6 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 173.8% in 2019 and the biggest yearly fall was 63.8% in 2018. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2015 to 2024 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains 11% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

What this measures

Net financial flows received by the borrower during the year are disbursements of loans and credits less repayments of principal. Concessional financial flows cover disbursements made through concessional lending facilities. Regional development banks are the African Development Bank, in Tunis, Tunisia, which serves all of Africa, including North Africa; the Asian Development Bank, in Manila, Philippines, which serves South and Central Asia and East Asia and Pacific; the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, in London, United Kingdom, which serves Europe and Central Asia; and the Inter-American Development Bank, in Washington, D.C., which serves the Americas. Aggregates include amounts for economies not specified elsewhere. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 55 values

Net financial flows, RDB concessional (NFL, current US$) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — −US$17.79 million (2024)
• Djibouti — −US$2.71 million (2024)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — −US$6.69 million (2024)
• Morocco — −US$1.45 million (2024)
• Pakistan — −US$29.64 million (2024)

More economic policy & debt data for Middle income

• Charges for the use of intellectual property, payments (BoP, current US$) — US$117.46 billion (2025)
• Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$) — US$9.23 billion (2025)
• Exports of goods and services (current US$) — US$10.34 trillion (2025)
• Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) — 25.31% (2025)
• Imports of goods and services (current US$) — US$9.88 trillion (2025)
• Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) — 24.2% (2025)
• External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) — 1.11% (2025)
• Trade (% of GDP) — 48.52% (2025)
• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$)

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Questions people ask

What is Middle income's net financial flows, RDB concessional (NFL, current US$)?

US$1.43 billion in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1970?

It is up 688.9% from US$181.74 million in 1970 (3.9% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$1.99 billion in 2015 and the lowest US$136.56 million in 1972.

Is the latest change in net financial flows, RDB concessional (NFL, current US$) unusual for Middle income?

In 2024, Middle income's net financial flows, RDB concessional (NFL, current US$) rose 68.8% on 2023 (from US$849.25 million to US$1.43 billion). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1994 to 2023), the average change was +4.5% and a typical year strayed about 41.4% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.6 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator DT.NFL.RDBC.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB), note: https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/debt-statistics Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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