Middle income: Merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, Middle income's merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports) rose 0.01 percentage points on 2022 (from 0.08% to 0.09%).

Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1993 to 2022), the average change was −0.01 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.08 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.17 percentage points in 1977 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.3 percentage points in 1983. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 the straight-line trend is downward, about 0.02 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 58% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

Merchandise exports by the reporting economy residuals are the total merchandise exports by the reporting economy to the rest of the world as reported in the IMF's Direction of trade database, less the sum of exports by the reporting economy to high-, low-, and middle-income economies according to the World Bank classification of economies. Includes trade with unspecified partners or with economies not covered by World Bank classification. Data are as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 64 values

Merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 0% (2023)
• Algeria — -0.000000000000000435% (2023)
• Bahrain — 0% (2023)
• Djibouti — 0% (2023)
• Egypt, Arab Rep. — 0.01% (2023)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — 0.07% (2023)
• Iraq — 0.0000326% (2023)
• Israel

More private sector & trade data for Middle income

• Merchandise trade (% of GDP) — 41.51% (2025)
• Merchandise imports (current US$) — US$8.18 trillion (2025)
• Merchandise exports (current US$) — US$8.73 trillion (2025)
• Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise imports) — 8.22% (2023)
• Merchandise imports from high-income economies (% of total merchandise imports) — 60.54% (2023)
• Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise imports) — 22.59% (2023)
• Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports) — 23.82% (2023)

Reading data like this

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Questions people ask

What is Middle income's merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports)?

0.09% in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1960?

It is down 0.09 percentage points from 0.18% in 1960. The highest value was 0.73% in 1978 and the lowest 0.06% in 2019.

Is the latest change in merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports) unusual for Middle income?

In 2023, Middle income's merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports) rose 0.01 percentage points on 2022 (from 0.08% to 0.09%). Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1993 to 2022), the average change was −0.01 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.08 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.2 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator TX.VAL.MRCH.RS.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); Direction of Trade database, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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