Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income): Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)

Key figures

Since 1994 it is down 1,102% from US$150.48 million in 1994. The World Bank has no value for 6 of the years in between; the chart leaves those gaps open rather than joining across them.

What the numbers say

In 2024, Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)'s portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$) fell US$5.34 billion on 2023 (from US$3.83 billion to −US$1.51 billion).

Across the 19 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2023), the average change was +US$23.94 million and a typical year strayed about US$2.14 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.5 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was US$2.94 billion in 2001 and the biggest yearly fall was US$5.34 billion in 2024. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

What this measures

Bonds are securities issued with a fixed rate of interest for a period of more than one year. They include net flows through cross-border public and publicly guaranteed and private nonguaranteed bond issues. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Limitations: The DRS encourages debtor countries to voluntarily provide information on their short-term external obligations. By its nature, short-term external debt is difficult to monitor: loan-by-loan registration is normally impractical, and monitoring systems typically rely on information requested periodically by the central bank from the banking sector. The World Bank regards the debtor country as the authoritative source of information on its short-term debt. Where such information is not available from the debtor country, data are derived from BIS data on international bank lending based on time remaining to original maturity.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 25 values

Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$) in nearby economies

• Egypt, Arab Rep. — −US$804.78 million (2024)
• Jordan — −US$20 million (2024)
• Lebanon — US$0 (2024)
• Morocco — US$1.27 billion (2024)
• Pakistan — −US$1 billion (2024)
• Tunisia — −US$1.25 billion (2024)

More economic policy & debt data for Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)

• General government final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$294.27 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$) — US$341.05 billion (2025)
• General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 13.8% (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (current US$) — US$1.46 trillion (2025)
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) — 68.25% (2025)
• Final consumption expenditure (current US$)

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Questions people ask

What is Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)'s portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)?

−US$1.51 billion in 2024, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1994?

It is down 1,102% from US$150.48 million in 1994. The highest value was US$14.99 billion in 2017 and the lowest −US$1.51 billion in 2024.

Is the latest change in portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$) unusual for Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)?

In 2024, Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan (excluding high income)'s portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$) fell US$5.34 billion on 2023 (from US$3.83 billion to −US$1.51 billion). Across the 19 yearly changes before that (1995 to 2023), the average change was +US$23.94 million and a typical year strayed about US$2.14 billion from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 2.5 standard deviations below that average, so it was unusually large compared with the rest of the record.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator DT.NFL.BOND.CD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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