Marshall Islands: Adjusted savings, carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2021, Marshall Islands' adjusted savings, carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI) rose 0.25 percentage points on 2020 (from 2.58% to 2.83%).

Across the 25 yearly changes before that (1996 to 2020), the average change was +0.07 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.11 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.6 standard deviations above that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.38 percentage points in 2016 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.09 percentage points in 2015. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2012 to 2021 the straight-line trend is upward, about 0.08 percentage points a year. A straight line explains 87% of the movement over 10 observed years.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

A straight-line projection, tested first

Extending that straight line gives about 2.97% for 2024. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2019 to 2021 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was 0.07%, against 0.09% for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.

See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.

How it compares

In 2021, Marshall Islands had the 30th highest value of the 185 economies reporting that year. Higher is not always better: for some indicators the lowest value is the one to aim for. See the full ranking.

Closest to Marshall Islands in the 2021 ranking

• Guyana — 27th of 185: 3%
• Sudan — 28th of 185: 2.92%
• Malaysia — 29th of 185: 2.91%
• Moldova — 31st of 185: 2.82%
• Tunisia — 32nd of 185: 2.82%
• Georgia — 33rd of 185: 2.81%

What this measures

Cost of damage due to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel use and the manufacture of cement, estimated to be US$40 per ton of CO2 (the unit damage in 2017 US dollars for CO2 emitted in 2020) times the number of tons of CO2 emitted. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI) which is the total income earned by all residents within an economic territory during an accounting period. It is equal to gross domestic product plus earned income receivable from abroad minus earned income payable abroad.

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a weighted average.

All 27 values

Adjusted savings, carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI) in nearby economies

• Australia — 1.1% (2021)
• Brunei Darussalam — 2.24% (2021)
• Cambodia — 3.3% (2021)
• China — 2.75% (2021)
• Fiji — 1.48% (2021)
• Hong Kong SAR, China — 0.38% (2021)
• Indonesia — 2.38% (2021)
• Japan — 0.88% (2021)
• Kiribati — 1.19% (2021)
• Korea, Rep.

More economic policy & debt data for Marshall Islands

• GDP (current US$) — US$308 million (2025)
• GDP (current LCU) — 308 million (2025)
• GDP (constant 2015 US$) — US$224 million (2025)
• GDP (constant LCU) — 224 million (2025)
• GDP per capita (current US$) — US$8,489 (2025)
• GDP per capita (current LCU) — 8,489 (2025)
• GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$) — US$6,174 (2025)
• GDP per capita (constant LCU) — 6,174 (2025)
• GNI (current US$) — US$364 million (2025)
• GNI (current LCU) — 364 million (2025)
• GNI per capita (current LCU)

Reading data like this

• Where to find free public data, and how to check it before you trust it — 2 min read
• Data analysis examples: 6 worked from one dataset — 3 min read
• Real change or random noise? A plain guide to reading your numbers — 2 min read

Questions people ask

What is Marshall Islands's adjusted savings, carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)?

2.83% in 2021, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 1995?

It is up 1.93 percentage points from 0.9% in 1995. The highest value was 2.83% in 2021 and the lowest 0.9% in 1995.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NY.ADJ.DCO2.GN.ZS, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Staff estimates, World Bank (WB); The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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