Poverty · Lower middle income
Yearly data from 1981 to 2024, from the World Bank.
Lower middle income's poverty gap at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP) (%) was 31.4% in 2024, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is down 10.7 percentage points from 42.1% in 2014.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | 31.4% | 2024 |
| Ten years earlier | 42.1% | 2014 |
| Highest | 59.8% | 1981 |
| Lowest | 31.4% | 2024 |
| Average since 2020 | 34.56% | 2020–2024 |
| First recorded | 59.8% | 1981 |
Since 1981 it is down 28.4 percentage points from 59.8% in 1981. The World Bank has no value for 10 of the years in between; the chart leaves those gaps open rather than joining across them.
In 2024, Lower middle income's poverty gap at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP) (%) fell 1.7 percentage points on 2023 (from 33.1% to 31.4%).
Across the 30 yearly changes before that (1982 to 2023), the average change was −0.7 percentage points and a typical year strayed about 0.58 percentage points from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 1.7 standard deviations below that average, so it was larger than a typical year, though not out of the range seen before.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 0.2 percentage points in 1987 and the biggest yearly fall was 1.8 percentage points in 2010. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
See how every economy compares in the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Lower middle income | 31.4% | 2024 |
| World | 19.8% | 2024 |
Poverty gap at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $8.30 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.
Limitations: Despite progress in the last decade, the challenges of measuring poverty remain. The timeliness, frequency, quality, and comparability of household surveys need to increase substantially, particularly in the poorest countries. The availability and quality of poverty monitoring data remains low in small states, countries with fragile situations, and low-income countries and even some middle-income countries. The low frequency and lack of comparability of the data available in some countries create uncertainty over the magnitude of poverty reduction. Besides the frequency and timeliness of survey data, other data quality issues arise in measuring household living standards.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a population-weighted average.
| Year | Poverty gap at $8.30 a day (2021 PPP) (%) |
|---|---|
| 2024 | 31.4 |
| 2023 | 33.1 |
| 2022 | 34.8 |
| 2021 | 36.3 |
| 2020 | 37.2 |
| 2019 | no data |
| 2018 | no data |
| 2017 | no data |
| 2016 | no data |
| 2015 | no data |
| 2014 | 42.1 |
| 2013 | 43.4 |
| 2012 | 45.2 |
| 2011 | 46.4 |
| 2010 | 47.9 |
| 2009 | 49.7 |
| 2008 | 50.5 |
| 2007 | 51.4 |
| 2006 | 52.5 |
| 2005 | 53.7 |
| 2004 | 54.5 |
| 2003 | 55.3 |
| 2002 | 55.7 |
| 2001 | no data |
| 2000 | no data |
| 1999 | no data |
| 1998 | no data |
| 1997 | no data |
| 1996 | 56.4 |
| 1995 | 56.9 |
| 1994 | 57 |
| 1993 | 57.3 |
| 1992 | 57.3 |
| 1991 | 57.6 |
| 1990 | 57.9 |
| 1989 | 58.1 |
| 1988 | 58.3 |
| 1987 | 58.6 |
| 1986 | 58.4 |
| 1985 | 58.5 |
| 1984 | 58.7 |
| 1983 | 58.8 |
| 1982 | 59.5 |
| 1981 | 59.8 |
Every indicator for Lower middle income is on the Lower middle income data page.
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator SI.POV.UMIC.GP, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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