Low income: Total greenhouse gas emissions including LULUCF (Mt CO2e)

Key figures

What the numbers say

In 2023, Low income's total greenhouse gas emissions including LULUCF (Mt CO2e) rose 2.4% on 2022 (from 918.65 to 940.91).

Across the 22 yearly changes before that (2001 to 2022), the average change was +2.8% and a typical year strayed about 10.6% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.0 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

On record, the biggest yearly rise was 11.1% in 2014 and the biggest yearly fall was 42.2% in 2015. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.

From 2014 to 2023 there is no clear straight-line trend: a straight line explains less than 1% of the movement over 10 observed years, so the value is moving around more than it is heading anywhere.

Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.

How it compares

See how every economy compares in the full ranking.

What this measures

A measure of annual emissions of the six greenhouse gases (GHG) covered by the Kyoto Protocol (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)) from the energy, industry, waste, agriculture, and land use, land use changes, and forestry (LULUCF) sectors, standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values. The measure is standardized to carbon dioxide equivalent values using the Global Warming Potential (GWP) factors of IPCC's 5th Assessment Report (AR5).

Limitations: Global GHG emissions are currently not directly measurable, but approaches for their estimation exist, and numerous sources exist to supply data for this indicator. Reputable scientific organizations produce these data for use for research, policy analysis, climate negotiations, and broader public communications. The estimated accuracy from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes are quite high, as quantities of fossil fuels and other emissive materials (such as cement and steel) produced are well known. For these sectors, emissions estimates are roughly accurate to within 10% when aggregated to the global level and between 4% and 35% at the country level (Crippa et al., 2023).

Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a sum.

All 24 values

Total greenhouse gas emissions including LULUCF (Mt CO2e) in nearby economies

• Afghanistan — 42.98 (2023)
• Algeria — 247.41 (2023)
• Bahrain — 64.88 (2023)
• Djibouti — -4.61 (2023)
• Iran, Islamic Rep. — 1,052 (2023)
• Israel — 78.8 (2023)
• Jordan — 33.48 (2023)
• Kuwait — 168.02 (2023)
• Lebanon — 15.11 (2023)
• Malta

More environment data for Low income

• Population in the largest city (% of urban population) — 29.41% (2025)
• Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population) — 12.24% (2025)
• Rural population — 497.63 million (2025)
• Rural population (% of total population) — 64.84% (2025)
• Urban population — 269.86 million (2025)
• Urban population (% of total population) — 35.16% (2025)
• Aquaculture production (metric tons) — 876,768 (2024)
• Capture fisheries production (metric tons) — 3.18 million (2024)
• Total fisheries production (metric tons) — 4.06 million (2024)

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Questions people ask

What is Low income's total greenhouse gas emissions including LULUCF (Mt CO2e)?

940.91 in 2023, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).

How has it changed since 2000?

It is up 62.25% from 579.92 in 2000 (2.13% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was 1,224 in 2014 and the lowest 579.92 in 2000.

Is the latest change in total greenhouse gas emissions including LULUCF (Mt CO2e) unusual for Low income?

In 2023, Low income's total greenhouse gas emissions including LULUCF (Mt CO2e) rose 2.4% on 2022 (from 918.65 to 940.91). Across the 22 yearly changes before that (2001 to 2022), the average change was +2.8% and a typical year strayed about 10.6% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.0 standard deviations below that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.

Source

World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator EN.GHG.ALL.LU.MT.CE.AR5, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) Community GHG Database, , uri: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg2024, publisher: JRC European Commission, date published: 2024; European Forest Observatory, uri: https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg2024, publisher: European Co… Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.

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