Low income's gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) was US$665.86 billion in 2025, the latest year in the World Bank's World Development Indicators. That is up 48.06% from US$449.71 billion in 2015 (4% a year on average, compounded).
Key figures
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Latest | US$665.86 billion | 2025 |
| Five years earlier | US$534.3 billion | 2020 |
| Ten years earlier | US$449.71 billion | 2015 |
| Highest | US$665.86 billion | 2025 |
| Lowest | US$380.57 billion | 2011 |
| Average since 2016 | US$557.85 billion | 2016–2025 |
| First recorded | US$380.57 billion |
What the numbers say
In 2025, Low income's gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) rose 4.4% on 2024 (from US$637.94 billion to US$665.86 billion).
Across the 13 yearly changes before that (2012 to 2024), the average change was +4.1% and a typical year strayed about 2.3% from that (the standard deviation). This year's change was 0.1 standard deviations above that average, so it was an ordinary year: it sits within the range of normal year-to-year movement.
On record, the biggest yearly rise was 7.6% in 2012 and the biggest yearly fall was 0.4% in 2015. The numbers show how large and when, not why; for the cause, look at what happened in that country in those years.
From 2016 to 2025 the straight-line trend is upward, about US$22.36 billion a year. A straight line explains 99% of the movement over 10 observed years.
Worked out from the yearly values above. How the checks work: standard deviation, z-scores and straight-line trends.
A straight-line projection, tested first
Extending that straight line gives about US$713.31 billion for 2028. We show this only because the same method, fitted on earlier years, predicted 2023 to 2025 better than "no change" would have: its average miss was US$24.87 billion, against US$42.67 billion for assuming no change. Treat it as a continuation of the recent pattern, not a forecast of events: it cannot see a recession, a policy change or a revision to the data.
See how a linear trend forecast works and the guide on forecasting without fooling yourself.
How it compares
See how every economy compares in the full ranking.
| Value | Year | |
|---|---|---|
| Low income | US$665.86 billion | 2025 |
| World | US$96.34 trillion | 2024 |
What this measures
Gross national expenditure is the sum of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, and gross capital formation. This indicator is expressed in constant prices, meaning the series has been adjusted to account for price changes over time. The reference year for this adjustment is 2015. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Regional and income-group figures are computed by the World Bank as a gap-filled total.
All 15 values
| Year | Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 665,859,036,332 |
| 2024 | 637,941,309,985 |
| 2023 | 608,403,197,357 |
| 2022 | 594,728,236,743 |
| 2021 | 560,223,249,126 |
| 2020 | 534,301,119,340 |
| 2019 | 533,106,233,043 |
| 2018 | 503,505,007,164 |
| 2017 | 479,698,653,872 |
| 2016 | 460,742,890,035 |
Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$) in nearby economies
- Algeria — US$258.92 billion (2025)
- Bahrain — US$37.13 billion (2024)
- Djibouti — US$3.71 billion (2025)
- Egypt, Arab Rep. — US$540.48 billion (2025)
- Iran, Islamic Rep. — US$488.58 billion (2025)
- Iraq — US$191.22 billion (2024)
- Israel — US$429.28 billion (2025)
- Kuwait — US$114.97 billion (2024)
- Lebanon — US$37.54 billion (2024)
- Libya
More economic policy & debt data for Low income
- GDP (current US$) — US$642.67 billion (2025)
- GDP per capita (current US$) — US$837.36 (2025)
- GNI (current US$) — US$627.91 billion (2025)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Austria (current US$) — US$57.58 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Belgium (current US$) — US$350.05 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Canada (current US$) — US$677.23 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, European Union institutions (current US$) — US$3.08 billion (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Switzerland (current US$) — US$483.76 million (2023)
- Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Germany (current US$)
Reading data like this
Questions people ask
- What is Low income's gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$)?
- US$665.86 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank (World Development Indicators).
- How has it changed since 2011?
- It is up 74.96% from US$380.57 billion in 2011 (4.08% a year on average, compounded). The highest value was US$665.86 billion in 2025 and the lowest US$380.57 billion in 2011.
Source
World Bank, World Development Indicators, indicator NE.DAB.TOTL.KD, licensed CC BY 4.0. Original source: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB) Figures are fetched from the World Bank API and refreshed monthly; see the series on data.worldbank.org. The full definition and method are in the World Bank's metadata glossary. Comparisons use the same World Bank release.
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